Resolução

Resolução da Assembleia da República n.º 16/2002

Aprova, para ratificação, a Convenção entre a República Portuguesa e a República da Islândia para Evitar a Dupla Tributação e Prevenir a Evasão Fiscal em Matéria de Impostos sobre o Rendimento e o Capital e respectivo Protocolo, assinados em Lisboa em 2 de Agosto de 1999

Artigo 1.º

Pessoas visadas

Esta Convenção aplica-se às pessoas residentes de um ou de ambos os Estados Contratantes.

Artigo 2.º

Impostos visados

1 -Esta Convenção aplica-se aos impostos sobre o rendimento e sobre o capital exigidos por cada um dos Estados Contratantes, suas subdivisões políticas ou administrativas e suas autarquias locais, seja qual for o sistema usado para a sua percepção.
2 -São considerados impostos sobre o rendimento e sobre o capital os impostos incidentes sobre o rendimento total, sobre a totalidade do capital ou sobre parcelas do rendimento ou do capital, incluídos os impostos sobre os ganhos derivados da alienação de bens mobiliários ou imobiliários, os impostos sobre o montante global dos salários pagos pelas empresas, bem como os impostos sobre as mais-valias.
3 -Os impostos actuais a que esta Convenção se aplica são nomeadamente:
1. a)Relativamente à Islândia:
  1. i)O imposto nacional sobre o rendimento (tekjuskattur);
  2. ii)O imposto sobre o património líquido (eignarskattur);
  3. iii)O imposto extraordinário sobre o património líquido (sérstakur eignarskattur);
  4. iv)O imposto municipal sobre o rendimento (útsvar); e
  5. v)O imposto incidente sobre o rendimento e o capital das instituições bancárias (tekju-og eignarskattur lánastofnana);
    (a seguir referidos pela designação de «imposto islandês»);
2. b)Relativamente a Portugal:
  1. i)O imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas singulares - IRS;
  2. ii)O imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas colectivas - IRC; e
  3. iii)A derrama;
    (a seguir referidos pela designação de «imposto português»).
4 -A Convenção será também aplicável aos impostos de natureza idêntica ou substancialmente similar que entrem em vigor posteriormente à data da assinatura da Convenção e que venham a acrescer aos actuais ou a substituí-los. As autoridades competentes dos Estados Contratantes comunicarão uma à outra, no fim de cada ano, as modificações importantes introduzidas nas respectivas legislações fiscais.

Artigo 3.º

Definições gerais

Para efeitos desta Convenção, a não ser que o contexto exija interpretação diferente:

a)O termo «Islândia» compreende a República da Islândia e, quando usado em sentido geográfico, significa o território da República da Islândia, incluindo o respectivo mar territorial e qualquer área para além do mar territorial onde, em conformidade com o direito internacional, a Islândia exerce direitos de jurisdição ou de soberania relativos ao fundo do mar, ao seu subsolo e águas sobrejacentes e aos seus recursos naturais;
b)O termo «Portugal» compreende o território da República Portuguesa situado no continente europeu, os arquipélagos dos Açores e da Madeira, o respectivo mar territorial e bem assim as outras zonas onde, em conformidade com a legislação portuguesa e o direito internacional, a República Portuguesa tem jurisdição ou direitos de soberania relativos à prospecção, pesquisa e exploração dos recursos naturais do leito do mar, do seu subsolo e das águas sobrejacentes;
c)O termo «pessoa» compreende uma pessoa singular, uma sociedade e qualquer outro agrupamento de pessoas;
d)O termo «sociedade» significa qualquer pessoa colectiva ou qualquer entidade que é tratada como pessoa colectiva para fins tributários;
e)As expressões «empresa de um Estado Contratante» e «empresa do outro Estado Contratante» significam, respectivamente, uma empresa explorada por um residente de um Estado Contratante e uma empresa explorada por um residente do outro Estado Contratante;
f)As expressões «um Estado Contratante» e «o outro Estado Contratante» significam Portugal ou a Islândia, consoante resulte do contexto;
g)A expressão «tráfego internacional» significa qualquer transporte por navio ou aeronave explorado por uma empresa cuja direcção efectiva esteja situada num Estado Contratante, excepto se o navio ou aeronave forem explorados somente entre lugares situados no outro Estado Contratante;
h)A expressão «autoridade competente» significa:
1. i)No caso da Islândia, o Ministro das Finanças ou o seu representante autorizado;
2. ii)No caso de Portugal, o Ministro das Finanças, o director-geral dos Impostos ou o seu representante autorizado;
i)O termo «nacional» designa:
1. i)Uma pessoa singular que tenha a nacionalidade de um Estado Contratante; e
2. ii)Uma pessoa colectiva, sociedade de pessoas ou associação constituída de harmonia com a legislação em vigor num Estado Contratante.
2 -Para aplicação da presente Convenção, num dado momento, por um Estado Contratante, qualquer expressão aí não definida terá, a não ser que o contexto exija interpretação diferente, o significado que lhe for atribuído nesse momento pela legislação desse Estado relativa aos impostos que são objecto desta Convenção, prevalecendo a interpretação resultante desta legislação fiscal sobre a que decorra de outra legislação deste Estado.

Artigo 4.º

Residente

1 -Para efeitos desta Convenção, a expressão «residente de um Estado Contratante» significa qualquer pessoa que, por virtude da legislação desse Estado, está aí sujeita a imposto, devido ao seu domicílio, à sua residência, ao local de direcção ou a qualquer outro critério de natureza similar e aplica-se igualmente a este Estado e bem assim às suas subdivisões políticas ou administrativas ou autarquias locais. Todavia, esta expressão não inclui qualquer pessoa que está sujeita a imposto nesse Estado apenas relativamente ao rendimento de fontes localizadas nesse Estado ou a capital aí situado.
2 -Quando, por virtude do disposto no n.º 1, uma pessoa singular for residente de ambos os Estados Contratantes, a situação será resolvida como segue:
1. a)Será considerada residente apenas do Estado em que tenha uma habitação permanente à sua disposição. Se tiver uma habitação permanente à sua disposição em ambos os Estados, será considerada residente do Estado com o qual sejam mais estreitas as suas relações pessoais e económicas (centro de interesses vitais);
2. b)Se o Estado em que tem o centro de interesses vitais não puder ser determinado ou se não tiver uma habitação permanente à sua disposição em nenhum dos Estados, será considerada residente apenas do Estado em que permaneça habitualmente;
3. c)Se permanecer habitualmente em ambos os Estados ou se não permanecer habitualmente em nenhum deles, será considerada residente apenas do Estado de que for nacional;
4. d)Se for nacional de ambos os Estados ou se não for nacional de nenhum deles, as autoridades competentes de ambos os Estados resolverão o caso de comum acordo.
3 -Quando, por virtude do disposto no n.º 1, uma pessoa, que não seja uma pessoa singular, for residente de ambos os Estados Contratantes, será considerada residente do Estado em que estiver situada a sua direcção efectiva.

Artigo 5.º

Estabelecimento estável

1 -Para efeitos desta Convenção, a expressão «estabelecimento estável» significa uma instalação fixa através da qual a empresa exerça toda ou parte da sua actividade.
2 -A expressão «estabelecimento estável» compreende, nomeadamente:
1. a)Um local de direcção;
2. b)Uma sucursal;
3. c)Um escritório;
4. d)Uma fábrica;
5. e)Uma oficina; e
6. f)Uma mina, um poço de petróleo ou gás, uma pedreira ou qualquer local de extracção de recursos naturais.
3 -Um local ou um estaleiro de construção ou um projecto de instalação só constituem um estabelecimento estável se a sua duração exceder 12 meses.
4 -Não obstante as disposições anteriores deste artigo, a expressão «estabelecimento estável» não compreende:
1. a)As instalações utilizadas unicamente para armazenar, expor ou entregar bens ou mercadorias pertencentes à empresa;
2. b)Um depósito de bens ou de mercadorias pertencentes à empresa mantido unicamente para as armazenar, expor ou entregar;
3. c)Um depósito de bens ou de mercadorias pertencentes à empresa mantido unicamente para serem transformadas por outra empresa;
4. d)Uma instalação fixa mantida unicamente para comprar bens ou mercadorias ou reunir informações para a empresa;
5. e)Uma instalação fixa mantida unicamente para exercer, para a empresa, qualquer outra actividade de carácter preparatório ou auxiliar;
6. f)Uma instalação fixa mantida unicamente para o exercício de qualquer combinação das actividades referidas nas alíneas a) a e), desde que a actividade de conjunto da instalação fixa resultante desta combinação seja de carácter preparatório ou auxiliar.
5 -Não obstante o disposto nos n.os 1 e 2, quando uma pessoa - que não seja um agente independente, a que é aplicável o n.º 6 - actue por conta de uma empresa e tenha e habitualmente exerça num Estado Contratante poderes para concluir contratos em nome da empresa, será considerado que esta empresa tem um estabelecimento estável nesse Estado relativamente a qualquer actividade que essa pessoa exerça para a empresa, a não ser que as actividades de tal pessoa se limitem às indicadas no n.º 4, as quais, se fossem exercidas através de uma instalação fixa, não permitiriam considerar esta instalação fixa como um estabelecimento estável, de acordo com as disposições desse número.
6 -Não se considera que uma empresa tem um estabelecimento estável num Estado Contratante pelo simples facto de exercer a sua actividade nesse Estado por intermédio de um corretor, de um comissário-geral ou de qualquer outro agente independente, desde que essas pessoas actuem no âmbito normal da sua actividade.
7 -O facto de uma sociedade residente de um Estado Contratante controlar ou ser controlada por uma sociedade residente do outro Estado Contratante, ou que exerce a sua actividade nesse outro Estado (quer seja através de um estabelecimento estável, quer de outro modo) não é, por si, bastante para fazer de qualquer dessas sociedades estabelecimento estável da outra.

Artigo 6.º

Rendimentos dos bens imobiliários

1 -Os rendimentos que um residente de um Estado Contratante aufira de bens imobiliários (incluídos os rendimentos das explorações agrícolas ou florestais) situados no outro Estado Contratante podem ser tributados nesse outro Estado.
2 -A expressão «bens imobiliários» terá o significado que lhe for atribuído pelo direito do Estado Contratante em que tais bens estiverem situados. A expressão compreende sempre os acessórios, o gado e o equipamento das explorações agrícolas e florestais, os direitos a que se apliquem as disposições do direito privado relativas à propriedade de bens imóveis, o usufruto de bens imobiliários e os direitos a retribuições variáveis ou fixas pela exploração ou pela concessão da exploração de jazigos minerais, fontes e outros recursos naturais. Os navios, barcos e aeronaves não são considerados bens imobiliários.
3 -A disposição do n.º 1 aplica-se aos rendimentos derivados da utilização directa, do arrendamento ou de qualquer outra forma de utilização dos bens imobiliários.
4 -O disposto nos n.os 1 e 3 aplica-se igualmente aos rendimentos provenientes de bens imobiliários de uma empresa e aos rendimentos dos bens imobiliários utilizados para o exercício de profissões independentes.
5 -As disposições anteriores aplicam-se igualmente aos rendimentos provenientes de bens mobiliários ou aos rendimentos auferidos de serviços conexos com o uso ou a concessão do uso de bens imobiliários que, de acordo com o direito fiscal do Estado Contratante em que tais bens estiverem situados, sejam assimilados aos rendimentos derivados dos bens imobiliários.

Artigo 7.º

Lucros das empresas

1 -Os lucros de uma empresa de um Estado Contratante só podem ser tributados nesse Estado, a não ser que a empresa exerça a sua actividade no outro Estado Contratante por meio de um estabelecimento estável aí situado. Se a empresa exercer a sua actividade deste modo, os seus lucros podem ser tributados no outro Estado, mas unicamente na medida em que forem imputáveis a esse estabelecimento estável.
2 -Com ressalva do disposto no n.º 3, quando uma empresa de um Estado Contratante exercer a sua actividade no outro Estado Contratante por meio de um estabelecimento estável aí situado, serão imputados, em cada Estado Contratante, a esse estabelecimento estável os lucros que este obteria se fosse uma empresa distinta e separada que exercesse as mesmas actividades ou actividades similares, nas mesmas condições ou em condições similares, e tratasse com absoluta independência com a empresa de que é estabelecimento estável.
3 -Na determinação do lucro de um estabelecimento estável é permitido deduzir as despesas que tiverem sido feitas para realização dos fins prosseguidos por esse estabelecimento estável, incluindo as despesas de direcção e as despesas gerais de administração efectuadas com o fim referido, quer no Estado em que esse estabelecimento estável estiver situado, quer fora dele.
4 -Se for usual num Estado Contratante determinar os lucros imputáveis a um estabelecimento estável com base numa repartição dos lucros totais da empresa entre as suas diversas partes, a disposição do n.º 2 não impedirá esse Estado Contratante de determinar os lucros tributáveis de acordo com a repartição usual; o método de repartição adoptado deve, no entanto, conduzir a um resultado conforme os princípios enunciados neste artigo.
5 -Nenhum lucro será imputado a um estabelecimento estável pelo facto da simples compra de bens ou de mercadorias, por esse estabelecimento estável para a empresa.
6 -Para efeitos dos números precedentes, os lucros a imputar ao estabelecimento estável serão calculados, em cada ano, segundo o mesmo método, a não ser que existam motivos válidos e suficientes para proceder de forma diferente.
7 -Quando os lucros compreendam elementos do rendimento especialmente tratados noutros artigos desta Convenção, as respectivas disposições não serão afectadas pelas deste artigo.

Artigo 8.º

Navegação marítima e aérea

1 -Os lucros provenientes da exploração de navios ou aeronaves no tráfego internacional só podem ser tributados no Estado Contratante em que estiver situada a direcção efectiva da empresa.
2 -Se a direcção efectiva de uma empresa de navegação marítima se situar a bordo de um navio, a direcção efectiva considera-se situada no Estado Contratante em que se encontra o porto onde esse navio estiver registado, ou, na falta de porto de registo, no Estado Contratante de que é residente a pessoa que explora o navio.
3 -O disposto no n.º 1 é aplicável igualmente aos lucros provenientes da participação num pool, numa exploração em comum ou num organismo internacional de exploração. O n.º 1 aplica-se igualmente à parte dos lucros de um consórcio correspondente à participação detida nesse consórcio por uma empresa cuja direcção efectiva está situada num Estado Contratante.

Artigo 9.º

Empresas associadas

1 -Quando:
1. a)Uma empresa de um Estado Contratante participar, directa ou indirectamente, na direcção, no controlo ou no capital de uma empresa do outro Estado Contratante; ou
2. b)As mesmas pessoas participarem, directa ou indirectamente, na direcção, no controlo ou no capital de uma empresa de um Estado Contratante e de uma empresa do outro Estado Contratante:
  e em ambos os casos, as duas empresas, nas suas relações comerciais ou financeiras, estiverem ligadas por condições aceites ou impostas que difiram das que seriam estabelecidas entre empresas independentes, os lucros que, se não existissem essas condições, teriam sido obtidos por uma das empresas, mas não o foram por causa dessas condições, podem ser incluídos nos lucros dessa empresa e, consequentemente, tributados.
2 -Quando um Estado Contratante incluir nos lucros de uma empresa deste Estado - tributar nessa conformidade - os lucros pelos quais uma empresa do outro Estado Contratante foi tributada neste outro Estado, e os lucros incluídos deste modo constituírem lucros que teriam sido obtidos pela empresa do primeiro Estado, se as condições acordadas entre as duas empresas tivessem sido as condições que teriam sido estabelecidas entre empresas independentes, o outro Estado procederá ao ajustamento adequado do montante do imposto aí cobrado sobre os lucros referidos, se este outro Estado considera o ajustamento justificado. Na determinação deste ajustamento, serão tomadas em consideração as outras disposições desta Convenção e as autoridades competentes dos Estados Contratantes consultar-se-ão, se necessário.

Artigo 10.º

Dividendos

1 -Os dividendos pagos por uma sociedade residente de um Estado Contratante a um residente do outro Estado Contratante podem ser tributados nesse outro Estado.
2 -Esses dividendos podem, no entanto, ser igualmente tributados no Estado Contratante de que é residente a sociedade que paga os dividendos e de acordo com a legislação desse Estado, mas se o beneficiário efectivo dos dividendos for um residente do outro Estado Contratante, o imposto assim estabelecido não excederá:
1. a)10% do montante bruto dos dividendos pagos, se o seu beneficiário efectivo for uma sociedade que, durante um período consecutivo de dois anos antes do pagamento dos dividendos, ou no caso de a sociedade que paga os dividendos existir há menos de dois anos, durante a vigência da sociedade, detenha directamente pelo menos 25% do capital social da sociedade que paga os dividendos; ou
2. b)15% do montante bruto dos dividendos, nos restantes casos.
  As autoridades competentes dos Estados Contratantes estabelecerão, de comum acordo, a forma de aplicar estes limites.
  Este número não afecta a tributação da sociedade pelos lucros dos quais os dividendos são pagos.
3 -O termo «dividendos», usado neste artigo, significa os rendimentos provenientes de acções, acções ou bónus de fruição, partes de minas, partes de fundador ou outros direitos, com excepção dos créditos, que permitam participar nos lucros, assim como os rendimentos derivados de outras partes sociais sujeitos ao mesmo regime fiscal que os rendimentos de acções pela legislação do Estado de que é residente a sociedade que os distribui.
4 -O disposto nos n.os 1 e 2 não é aplicável se o beneficiário efectivo dos dividendos, residente de um Estado Contratante, exercer no outro Estado Contratante de que é residente a sociedade que paga os dividendos uma actividade industrial ou comercial, por meio de um estabelecimento estável aí situado, ou exercer nesse outro Estado uma profissão independente, por meio de uma instalação fixa aí situada, e a participação relativamente à qual os dividendos são pagos estiver efectivamente ligada a esse estabelecimento estável ou a essa instalação fixa. Neste caso, são aplicáveis as disposições do artigo 7.º ou do artigo 14.º, consoante o caso.
5 -Quando uma sociedade residente de um Estado Contratante obtiver lucros ou rendimentos provenientes do outro Estado Contratante, este outro Estado não poderá exigir nenhum imposto sobre os dividendos pagos pela sociedade, excepto na medida em que esses dividendos forem pagos a um residente desse outro Estado ou na medida em que a participação relativamente à qual os dividendos são pagos estiver efectivamente ligada a um estabelecimento estável ou a uma instalação fixa situados nesse outro Estado, nem sujeitar os lucros não distribuídos da sociedade a um imposto sobre os lucros não distribuídos, mesmo que os dividendos pagos ou os lucros não distribuídos consistam, total ou parcialmente, em lucros ou rendimentos provenientes desse outro Estado.

Artigo 11.º

Juros

1 -Os juros provenientes de um Estado Contratante e pagos a um residente do outro Estado Contratante podem ser tributados nesse outro Estado.
2 -No entanto, esses juros podem ser igualmente tributados no Estado Contratante de que provêm e de acordo com a legislação desse Estado, mas se o beneficiário efectivo dos juros for residente do outro Estado Contratante, o imposto assim estabelecido não poderá exceder 10% do montante bruto dos juros. As autoridades competentes dos Estados Contratantes estabelecerão, de comum acordo, a forma de aplicar este limite.
3 -Não obstante o disposto no n.º 2, os juros provenientes de um dos Estados Contratantes serão isentos de imposto nesse Estado:
1. a)Se o devedor dos juros for o Governo do dito Estado, uma sua subdivisão política ou administrativa ou autarquia local; ou
2. b)Se os juros forem pagos ao Governo do outro Estado Contratante, a uma sua subdivisão política ou administrativa, a uma sua autarquia local ou a uma instituição ou organismo (incluídas as instituições financeiras) por virtude de financiamentos por eles concedidos no âmbito de acordos concluídos entre os Governos dos Estados Contratantes; ou
3. c)Relativamente a empréstimos ou a créditos concedidos pelos Bancos Centrais dos Estados Contratantes e por qualquer outra instituição financeira controlada pelo Estado e de financiamento de actividades económicas externas no âmbito de acordos celebrados entre as autoridades competentes dos Estados Contratantes.
4 -O termo «juros», usado neste artigo, significa os rendimentos de créditos de qualquer natureza com ou sem garantia hipotecária e com direito ou não a participar nos lucros do devedor e, nomeadamente, os rendimentos da dívida pública e de obrigações, incluindo prémios atinentes a esses títulos ou obrigações.
5 -O disposto nos n.os 1 e 2 não é aplicável se o beneficiário efectivo dos juros, residente de um Estado Contratante, exercer no outro Estado Contratante de que provêm os juros uma actividade industrial ou comercial, por meio de um estabelecimento estável aí situado ou exercer nesse outro Estado uma profissão independente, por meio de uma instalação fixa aí situada, e o crédito relativamente ao qual os juros são pagos estiver efectivamente ligado a esse estabelecimento estável ou a essa instalação fixa. Neste caso, são aplicáveis as disposições do artigo 7.º ou do artigo 14.º, consoante o caso.
6 -Os juros consideram-se provenientes de um Estado Contratante quando o devedor for um residente desse Estado. Todavia, quando o devedor dos juros, seja ou não residente de um Estado Contratante, tiver num Estado Contratante um estabelecimento estável ou uma instalação fixa em relação com os quais haja sido contraída a obrigação pela qual os juros são pagos e esse estabelecimento estável ou essa instalação fixa suportem o pagamento desses juros, tais juros são considerados provenientes do Estado Contratante em que o estabelecimento estável ou a instalação fixa estiverem situados.
7 -Quando, devido a relações especiais existentes entre o devedor e o beneficiário efectivo ou entre ambos e qualquer outra pessoa, o montante dos juros pagos, tendo em conta o crédito pelo qual são pagos, exceder o montante que seria acordado entre o devedor e o beneficiário efectivo na ausência de tais relações, as disposições deste artigo são aplicáveis apenas a este último montante. Neste caso, o excesso pode continuar a ser tributado de acordo com a legislação de cada Estado Contratante, tendo em conta as outras disposições desta Convenção.

Artigo 12.º

Royalties

1 -As royalties provenientes de um Estado Contratante e pagas a um residente do outro Estado Contratante podem ser tributadas nesse outro Estado.
2 -Todavia, essas royalties podem ser igualmente tributadas no Estado Contratante de que provêm e de acordo com a legislação desse Estado, mas se o beneficiário efectivo das royalties for residente do outro Estado Contratante, o imposto assim estabelecido não poderá exceder 10% do montante bruto das royalties. As autoridades competentes dos Estados Contratantes estabelecerão, de comum acordo, a forma de aplicar este limite.
3 -O termo «royalties», usado neste artigo, significa as retribuições de qualquer natureza pagas pelo uso ou pela concessão do uso de um direito de autor sobre uma obra literária, artística ou científica, incluindo os filmes cinematográficos, bem como os filmes, gravações ou discos para transmissão pela rádio ou televisão, de uma patente, de uma marca de fabrico ou de comércio, de um desenho ou de um modelo, de um plano, de uma fórmula ou de um processo secretos, bem como pelo uso ou pela concessão do uso de um equipamento industrial, comercial ou científico e por informações respeitantes a uma experiência adquirida no sector industrial, comercial ou científico.
4 -O disposto nos n.os 1 e 2 não é aplicável se o beneficiário efectivo das royalties, residente de um Estado Contratante, exercer no outro Estado Contratante de que provêm as royalties uma actividade industrial ou comercial, por meio de um estabelecimento estável aí situado, ou exercer nesse outro Estado uma profissão independente, por meio de uma instalação fixa aí situada, e o direito ou bem relativamente ao qual as royalties são pagas estiver efectivamente ligado a esse estabelecimento estável ou a essa instalação fixa. Neste caso, são aplicáveis as disposições do artigo 7.º ou do artigo 14.º, consoante o caso.
5 -As royalties consideram-se provenientes de um Estado Contratante quando o devedor for um residente desse Estado. Todavia, quando o devedor das royalties, seja ou não residente de um Estado Contratante, tiver num Estado Contratante um estabelecimento estável ou uma instalação fixa em relação com os quais haja sido contraída a obrigação que dá origem ao pagamento das royalties e esse estabelecimento estável ou essa instalação fixa suportem o pagamento dessas royalties, tais royalties são consideradas provenientes do Estado Contratante em que o estabelecimento estável ou a instalação fixa estiverem situados.
6 -Quando, devido a relações especiais existentes entre o devedor e o beneficiário efectivo das royalties ou entre ambos e qualquer outra pessoa, o montante das royalties, tendo em conta o uso, o direito ou as informações pelas quais são pagas, exceder o montante, que seria acordado entre o devedor e o beneficiário efectivo, na ausência de tais relações, as disposições deste artigo são aplicáveis apenas a este último montante. Neste caso, o excesso pode continuar a ser tributado de acordo com a legislação de cada Estado Contratante, tendo em conta as outras disposições desta Convenção.

Artigo 13.º

Mais-valias

1 -Os ganhos que um residente de um Estado Contratante aufira da alienação de bens imobiliários, conforme são definidos no artigo 6.º, e situados no outro Estado Contratante podem ser tributados nesse outro Estado.
2 -Os ganhos provenientes da alienação de bens mobiliários que façam parte do activo de um estabelecimento estável que uma empresa de um Estado Contratante tenha no outro Estado Contratante, ou de bens mobiliários afectos a uma instalação fixa de que um residente de um Estado Contratante disponha no outro Estado Contratante para o exercício de uma profissão independente, incluindo os ganhos provenientes da alienação desse estabelecimento estável, isolado ou com o conjunto da empresa, ou dessa instalação fixa, podem ser tributados nesse outro Estado.
3 -Os ganhos provenientes da alienação de navios ou aeronaves utilizados no tráfego internacional, ou de bens mobiliários afectos à exploração desses navios ou aeronaves, só podem ser tributados no Estado Contratante em que estiver situada a direcção efectiva da empresa.
4 -Os ganhos provenientes da alienação de quaisquer outros bens diferentes dos mencionados nos n.os 1, 2 e 3 só podem ser tributados no Estado Contratante de que o alienante é residente.

Artigo 14.º

Profissões independentes

1 -Os rendimentos obtidos por um residente de um Estado Contratante pelo exercício de uma profissão liberal ou de outras actividades de carácter independente só podem ser tributados nesse Estado, a não ser que esse residente disponha, de forma habitual, no outro Estado Contratante, de uma instalação fixa para o exercício das suas actividades. Se dispuser de uma instalação fixa, os rendimentos podem ser tributados no outro Estado Contratante, mas unicamente na medida em que sejam imputáveis a essa instalação fixa.
2 -A expressão «profissões liberais» abrange em especial as actividades independentes de carácter científico, literário, artístico, educativo ou pedagógico, bem como as actividades independentes de médicos, advogados, engenheiros, arquitectos, dentistas e contabilistas.

Artigo 15.º

Profissões dependentes

1 -Com ressalva do disposto nos artigos 16.º, 18.º e 19.º, os salários, ordenados e outras remunerações similares obtidos de um emprego por um residente de um Estado Contratante só podem ser tributados nesse Estado, a não ser que o emprego seja exercido no outro Estado Contratante. Se o emprego for aí exercido, as remunerações correspondentes podem ser tributadas nesse outro Estado.
2 -Não obstante o disposto no n.º 1, as remunerações obtidas por um residente de um Estado Contratante de um emprego exercido no outro Estado Contratante só podem ser tributadas no Estado primeiramente mencionado, se:
1. a)O beneficiário permanecer no outro Estado durante um período ou períodos que não excedam no total 183 dias em qualquer período de 12 meses com início ou termo no ano fiscal em causa; e
2. b)As remunerações forem pagas por uma entidade patronal ou em nome de uma entidade patronal que não seja residente do outro Estado; e
3. c)As remunerações não forem suportadas por um estabelecimento estável ou por uma instalação fixa que a entidade patronal tenha no outro Estado.
3 -Não obstante as disposições anteriores deste artigo, as remunerações de um emprego exercido a bordo de um navio ou de uma aeronave explorados no tráfego internacional podem ser tributadas no Estado Contratante em que estiver situada a direcção efectiva da empresa.

Artigo 16.º

Percentagens de membros de conselhos

As percentagens, senhas de presença e remunerações similares obtidas por um residente de um Estado Contratante na qualidade de membro do conselho de administração, do conselho fiscal ou de um órgão análogo de uma sociedade residente do outro Estado Contratante podem ser tributadas nesse outro Estado.

Artigo 17.º

Artistas e desportistas

1 -Não obstante o disposto nos artigos 14.º e 15.º, os rendimentos obtidos por um residente de um Estado Contratante na qualidade de profissional de espectáculos, tal como artista de teatro, cinema, rádio ou televisão, ou músico, bem como de desportista, provenientes das suas actividades pessoais exercidas, nessa qualidade, no outro Estado Contratante, podem ser tributados nesse outro Estado.
2 -Não obstante o disposto nos artigos 7.º, 14.º e 15.º, os rendimentos da actividade exercida pessoalmente pelos profissionais de espectáculos ou desportistas, nessa qualidade, atribuídos a uma outra pessoa podem ser tributados no Estado Contratante em que são exercidas essas actividades dos profissionais de espectáculos ou dos desportistas.

Artigo 18.º

Pensões

Com ressalva do disposto no n.º 2 do artigo 19.º, as pensões e outras remunerações similares pagas a um residente de um Estado Contratante em consequência de um emprego anterior só podem ser tributadas nesse Estado.

Artigo 19.º

Funções públicas

1 -a) Os salários, vencimentos e outras remunerações similares, excluindo as pensões, pagos por um Estado Contratante, por uma das suas subdivisões políticas ou administrativas ou autarquias locais a uma pessoa singular, em consequência de serviços prestados a esse Estado ou a essa subdivisão ou autarquia, só podem ser tributados nesse Estado.
1. b)Os mencionados salários, vencimentos e outras remunerações similares só podem, contudo, ser tributados no outro Estado Contratante se os serviços forem prestados nesse Estado e se a pessoa singular for um residente desse Estado:
  1. i)Sendo seu nacional; ou
  2. ii)Que não se tornou seu residente unicamente para o efeito de prestar os ditos serviços.
2 -a) As pensões pagas por um Estado Contratante ou por uma das suas subdivisões políticas ou administrativas ou autarquias locais, quer directamente, quer através de fundos por eles constituídos, a uma pessoa singular, em consequência de serviços prestados a esse Estado ou a essa subdivisão ou autarquia, só podem ser tributadas nesse Estado.
1. b)Estas pensões só podem, contudo, ser tributadas no outro Estado Contratante, se a pessoa singular for um residente e um nacional desse Estado.
3 -O disposto nos artigos 15.º, 16.º, 17.º e 18.º aplica-se aos salários, vencimentos e outras remunerações similares e às pensões pagos em consequência de serviços prestados em ligação com uma actividade comercial ou industrial exercida por um Estado Contratante ou por uma das suas subdivisões políticas ou administrativas ou autarquias locais.

Artigo 20.º

Estudantes

As importâncias que um estudante ou um estagiário que é ou foi, imediatamente antes da sua permanência num Estado Contratante, residente do outro Estado Contratante e cuja permanência no primeiro Estado mencionado tem como único fim aí prosseguir os seus estudos ou a sua formação, recebe para fazer face às despesas com a sua manutenção, estudos ou formação não são tributadas nesse Estado, desde que provenham de fontes situadas fora dele.

Artigo 21.º

Outros rendimentos

1 -Os elementos do rendimento de um residente de um Estado Contratante, donde quer que provenham, não tratados nos artigos anteriores desta Convenção só podem ser tributados nesse Estado.
2 -O disposto no n.º 1 não se aplica ao rendimento, que não seja rendimento de bens imobiliários como são definidos no n.º 2 do artigo 6.º, se o beneficiário desse rendimento, residente de um Estado Contratante, exercer no outro Estado Contratante uma actividade industrial ou comercial, por meio de um estabelecimento estável nele situado, ou exercer nesse outro Estado uma profissão independente, através de uma instalação fixa nele situada, estando o direito ou a propriedade, em relação ao qual o rendimento é pago, efectivamente ligado a esse estabelecimento estável ou instalação fixa. Neste caso, são aplicáveis as disposições do artigo 7.º ou do artigo 14.º, consoante o caso.

Artigo 22.º

Capital

1 -O capital constituído por bens imobiliários mencionados no artigo 6.º, propriedade de um residente de um Estado Contratante e situados no outro Estado Contratante, pode ser tributado nesse outro Estado.
2 -O capital constituído por bens mobiliários que fazem parte do activo de um estabelecimento estável que uma empresa de um Estado Contratante tem no outro Estado Contratante ou por bens mobiliários afectos a uma instalação fixa de que um residente de um Estado Contratante dispõe no outro Estado Contratante com o fim de exercer uma profissão independente pode ser tributado nesse outro Estado.
3 -O capital constituído por navios e aeronaves utilizados no tráfego internacional e pelos bens mobiliários afectos à sua exploração só pode ser tributado no Estado Contratante onde estivar situada a direcção efectiva da empresa.
4 -Todos os outros elementos do capital de um residente de um Estado Contratante só podem ser tributados nesse Estado.

Artigo 23.º

Eliminação da dupla tributação

1 -Quando um residente de um Estado Contratante obtiver rendimentos ou possuir capital que, de acordo com o disposto nesta Convenção, possam ser tributados no outro Estado Contratante, o primeiro Estado mencionado deduzirá:
1. a)Do imposto sobre o rendimento desse residente, uma importância equivalente ao imposto sobre o rendimento pago nesse outro Estado;
2. b)Do imposto sobre o capital desse residente, uma importância equivalente ao imposto sobre o capital pago nesse outro Estado.
  Em qualquer dos casos, a importância deduzida não poderá, contudo, exceder a fracção do imposto sobre o rendimento ou do imposto sobre o capital, calculado antes da dedução, correspondente ao rendimento ou ao capital que podem ser tributados nesse outro Estado.
2 -Quando, de acordo com o disposto nesta Convenção, o rendimento obtido ou o capital possuído por um residente de um Estado Contratante for isento de imposto nesse Estado, esse Estado poderá, não obstante, ao calcular o quantitativo do imposto sobre o restante rendimento ou capital desse residente, ter em conta os rendimentos ou o capital isentos.

Artigo 24.º

Não discriminação

1 -Os nacionais de um Estado Contratante não ficarão sujeitos no outro Estado Contratante a nenhuma tributação ou obrigação com ela conexa diferentes ou mais gravosas do que aquelas a que estejam ou possam estar sujeitos os nacionais desse outro Estado que se encontrem na mesma situação, em especial no que se refere à residência. Não obstante o estabelecido no artigo 1.º, esta disposição aplicar-se-á também às pessoas que não são residentes de um ou de ambos os Estados Contratantes.
2 -Os apátridas residentes de um Estado Contratante não ficarão sujeitos num Estado Contratante a nenhuma tributação ou obrigação com ela conexa diferentes ou mais gravosas do que aquelas a que estejam ou possam estar sujeitos os nacionais desse Estado que se encontrem na mesma situação.
3 -A tributação de um estabelecimento estável que uma empresa de um Estado Contratante tenha no outro Estado Contratante não será nesse outro Estado menos favorável do que a das empresas desse outro Estado que exerçam as mesmas actividades. Esta disposição não poderá ser interpretada no sentido de obrigar um Estado Contratante a conceder aos residentes do outro Estado Contratante as deduções pessoais, abatimentos e reduções para efeitos fiscais, atribuídos em função do estado civil ou encargos familiares, concedidos aos seus próprios residentes.
4 -Salvo se for aplicável o disposto no n.º 1 do artigo 9.º, no n.º 7 do artigo 11.º ou no n.º 6 do artigo 12.º, os juros, royalties e outras importâncias pagas por uma empresa de um Estado Contratante a um residente do outro Estado Contratante serão dedutíveis, para efeitos da determinação do lucro tributável de tal empresa, como se fossem pagas a um residente do primeiro Estado mencionado. De igual modo, as dívidas de uma empresa de um Estado Contratante a um residente do outro Estado Contratante serão dedutíveis, para efeitos da determinação do capital tributável dessa empresa, nas mesmas condições em que o seriam se tivessem sido contraídas em relação a um residente do primeiro Estado mencionado.
5 -As empresas de um Estado Contratante cujo capital, total ou parcialmente, directa ou indirectamente, seja possuído ou controlado por um ou mais residentes do outro Estado Contratante não ficarão sujeitas, no primeiro Estado mencionado, a nenhuma tributação ou obrigação com ela conexa diferentes ou mais gravosas do que aquelas a que estejam ou possam estar sujeitas as empresas similares desse primeiro Estado mencionado.
6 -Não obstante o disposto no artigo 2.º, as disposições do presente artigo aplicar-se-ão aos impostos de qualquer natureza ou denominação.

Artigo 25.º

Procedimento amigável

1 -Quando uma pessoa considerar que as medidas tomadas por um ou por ambos os Estados Contratantes conduzem ou conduzirão, em relação a si, a uma tributação não conforme com o disposto nesta Convenção, poderá, independentemente dos recursos estabelecidos pela legislação nacional desses Estados, submeter o seu caso à autoridade competente do Estado Contratante de que é residente ou, se o seu caso está compreendido no n.º 1 do artigo 24.º, à do Estado Contratante de que é nacional. O caso deverá ser apresentado dentro de três anos a contar da data da primeira comunicação da medida que der causa à tributação não conforme com o disposto na presente Convenção.
2 -Essa autoridade competente, se a reclamação se lhe afigurar fundada e não estiver em condições de lhe dar uma solução satisfatória, esforçar-se-á por resolver a questão através de acordo amigável com a autoridade competente do outro Estado Contratante, a fim de evitar a tributação não conforme com o disposto na presente Convenção.
3 -As autoridades competentes dos Estados Contratantes esforçar-se-ão por resolver, através de acordo amigável, quaisquer dificuldades ou dúvidas a que possa dar lugar a interpretação ou a aplicação da Convenção.
4 -As autoridades competentes dos Estados Contratantes poderão comunicar directamente entre si, inclusivamente através de uma comissão mista constituída por essas autoridades ou pelos seus representantes, a fim de chegarem a acordo nos termos indicados nos números anteriores.

Artigo 26.º

Troca de informações

1 -As autoridades competentes dos Estados Contratantes trocarão entre si as informações necessárias para aplicar as disposições desta Convenção ou das leis internas dos Estados Contratantes relativas aos impostos abrangidos por esta Convenção, na medida em que a tributação nelas prevista não seja contrária a esta Convenção. A troca de informações não é restringida pelo disposto no artigo 1.º As informações obtidas por um Estado Contratante serão consideradas secretas, do mesmo modo que as informações obtidas com base na legislação interna desse Estado, e só poderão ser comunicadas às pessoas ou autoridades (incluindo tribunais e autoridades administrativas) encarregadas da liquidação ou cobrança dos impostos abrangidos por esta Convenção, ou dos procedimentos declarativos ou executivos relativos a esses impostos, ou da decisão de recursos referentes a esses impostos. Essas pessoas ou autoridades utilizarão as informações assim obtidas apenas para os fins referidos. Essas informações poderão ser divulgadas no caso de audiências públicas de tribunais ou de sentença judicial.
2 -O disposto no n.º 1 nunca poderá ser interpretado no sentido de impor a um Estado Contratante a obrigação:
1. a)De tomar medidas administrativas contrárias à sua legislação e à sua prática administrativa ou às do outro Estado Contratante;
2. b)De fornecer informações que não possam ser obtidas com base na sua legislação ou no âmbito da sua prática administrativa normal ou das do outro Estado Contratante;
3. c)De transmitir informações reveladoras de segredos comerciais, industriais ou profissionais, ou processos comerciais, ou informações cuja comunicação seja contrária à ordem pública.

Artigo 27.º

Membros de missões diplomáticas e de postos consulares

O disposto na presente Convenção não prejudicará os privilégios fiscais de que beneficiem os membros de missões diplomáticas ou de postos consulares em virtude das regras gerais do direito internacional ou de disposições de acordos especiais.

Artigo 28.º

Entrada em vigor

1 -Os Governos dos Estados Contratantes comunicarão um ao outro o cumprimento dos requisitos constitucionais com vista à entrada em vigor da presente Convenção.
2 -A presente Convenção entrará em vigor 30 dias após a data da última das notificações referidas no n.º 1 e as suas disposições produzirão efeitos em ambos os Estados Contratantes:
1. a)Em relação aos impostos devidos na fonte, cujo facto gerador surja em ou depois de 1 de Janeiro do ano imediatamente seguinte ao da entrada em vigor da Convenção;
2. b)Em relação aos demais impostos, relativamente aos rendimentos produzidos ou ao capital possuído em qualquer ano fiscal com início em ou depois de 1 de Janeiro do ano imediatamente seguinte ao da entrada em vigor da Convenção.

Artigo 29.º

Denúncia

A presente Convenção permanecerá em vigor enquanto não for denunciada por um Estado Contratante. Qualquer dos Estados Contratantes pode denunciar a Convenção por via diplomática, mediante um aviso prévio mínimo de seis meses antes do fim de qualquer ano civil. Nesse caso, a Convenção deixará de se aplicarem ambos os Estados Contratantes:

a)Em relação aos impostos devidos na fonte, cujo facto gerador surja em ou depois de 1 de Janeiro imediatamente seguinte à data em que expira o prazo especificado no referido aviso de denúncia;
b)Em relação aos demais impostos, relativamente aos rendimentos produzidos ou ao capital possuído no ano fiscal com início em ou depois de 1 de Janeiro imediatamente seguinte à data em que expira o prazo especificado no referido aviso de denúncia.
Em testemunho do qual os signatários, devidamente autorizados para o efeito, assinaram a presente Convenção.
Feito em duplicado, em Lisboa, aos 2 dias do mês de Agosto de 1999, nas línguas portuguesa, islandesa e inglesa, sendo os três textos igualmente autênticos. No caso de interpretação divergente, prevalecerá o texto inglês.
Pela República Portuguesa:
(ver assinatura no documento original)
Pela República da Islândia:
(ver assinatura no documento original)
PROTOCOLO
No momento da assinatura da Convenção para Evitar a Dupla Tributação e Prevenir a Evasão Fiscal em Matéria de Impostos sobre o Rendimento e o Capital, celebrada nesta data entre a República Portuguesa e a República da Islândia, os signatários acordaram nas seguintes disposições adicionais, que fazem parte integrante da Convenção:
Ad artigo 2.º
No caso de Portugal introduzir um imposto idêntico ao imposto sobre o património líquido da Islândia, os Estados Contratantes consultar-se-ão no sentido de chegarem a acordo sobre o alargamento ou não do âmbito de aplicação da Convenção de forma a incluir esse imposto. Se Portugal se declarar impossibilitado de incluir esse imposto no âmbito de aplicação da Convenção, a Islândia pode, imediatamente e através de comunicação feita por via diplomática, fazer cessar os subparágrafos (ii) e (iii) do n.º 3, alínea a), do artigo 2.º, estipulando que a Convenção deixará de produzir efeito relativamente ao imposto islandês sobre o património líquido a partir da data da introdução do novo imposto português.
Ad artigo 10.º
1 -Não obstante o disposto no n.º 2, alínea a), no caso de alteração do nível da fiscalidade portuguesa no quadro do direito fiscal da Comunidade Europeia, as autoridades competentes consultar-se-ão a fim de rever a taxa de imposto estabelecida no n.º 2, alínea a), na condição, porém, de que a taxa aplicável não seja inferior a 5%.
2 -No caso de Portugal, considera-se que a expressão «dividendos» inclui os rendimentos obtidos nos termos de um acordo de participação nos lucros (associação em participação), tal como previsto pela legislação portuguesa.
Em testemunho do qual os signatários, devidamente autorizados para o efeito, assinaram o presente Protocolo.
Feito em duplicado, em Lisboa, aos 2 dias do mês de Agosto de 1999, nas línguas portuguesa, islandesa e inglesa, sendo os três textos igualmente autênticos. No caso de interpretação divergente, prevalecerá o texto inglês.
Pela República Portuguesa:
(ver assinatura no documento original)
Pela República da Islândia:
(ver assinatura no documento original)
(ver texto em língua islandesa no documento original)
CONVENTION BETWEEN THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC AND THE REPUBLIC OF ICELAND FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME AND ON CAPITAL.
The Portuguese Republic and the Republic of Iceland, desiring to conclude a Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital, have agreed as follows:
Article 1
Persons covered
This Convention shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.
Article 2
Taxes covered
1 -This Convention shall apply to taxes on income and on capital imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its political or administrative subdivisions or local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied.
2 -There shall be regarded as taxes on income and on capital all taxes imposed on total income, on total capital, or on elements of income or capital, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property, taxes on the total amounts of wages or salaries paid by enterprises, as well as taxes on capital appreciation.
3 -The existing taxes to which the Convention shall apply are, in particular:
1. a)In the case of Iceland:
  1. i)The national income tax (tekjuskattur);
  2. ii)The net wealth tax (eignarskattur);
  3. iii)The extraordinary net wealth tax (sérstakur eignarskattur);
  4. iv)The municipal income tax (útsvar); and
  5. v)The tax levied on the income and capital of banking institutions (tekju og eignarskattur lánastofnana);
    (hereinafter referred to as «icelandic tax»);
2. b)In the case of Portugal:
  1. i)The personal income tax (imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas singulares - IRS);
  2. ii)The corporate income tax (imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas colectivas - IRC); and
  3. iii)The local surtax on corporate income tax (derrama);
    (hereinafter referred to as «portuguese tax»).
4 -The Convention shall apply also to any identical or substantially similar taxes which are imposed after the date of signature of the Convention in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other at the end of each year of any substantial changes which have been made in their respective taxation laws.
Article 3
General definitions
1 -For the purposes of this Convention, unless the context otherwise requires:
1. a)The term «Iceland» means the Republic of Iceland and, when used in a geographical sense, means the territory of the Republic of Iceland, including its territorial sea, and any area beyond the territorial sea within which Iceland, in accordance with international law, exercises jurisdiction or sovereign rights with respect to the sea bed, its subsoil and its superjacent waters, and their natural resources;
2. b)The term «Portugal» means the territory of the Portuguese Republic situated in the European Continent, the archipelagos of Azores and Madeira, the respective territorial sea and any other zone in which, in accordance with the laws of Portugal and international law, the Portuguese Republic has its jurisdiction or sovereign rights with respect to the exploration and exploitation of the natural resources of the sea bed and subsoil, and of the superjacent waters;
3. c)The term «person» includes an individual, a company and any other body of persons;
4. d)The term «company» means any body corporate or any entity which is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;
5. e)The terms «enterprise of a Contracting State» and «enterprise of the other Contracting State» mean respectively an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State;
6. f)The terms «a Contracting State» and «the other Contracting State» mean Iceland or Portugal as the context requires;
7. g)The term «international traffic» means any transport by a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise which has its place of effective management in a Contracting State, except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State;
8. h)The term «competent authority» means:
  1. i)In the case of Iceland, the Minister of Finance or his authorised representative;
  2. ii)In the case of Portugal, the Minister of Finance, the Director General of Taxation (director-geral dos Impostos) or their authorised representative;
9. i)The term «national» means:
  1. i)Any individual possessing the nationality of a Contracting State;
  2. ii)Any legal person, partnership or association deriving its status as such from the laws in force in a Contracting State.
2 -As regards the application of the Convention at any time by a Contracting State any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning that it has at that time under the law of that State for the purposes of the taxes to which the Convention applies, any meaning under the applicable tax laws of that State prevailing over a meaning given to the term under other laws of that State.
Article 4
Resident
1 -For the purposes of this Convention, the term «resident of a Contracting State» means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management or any other criterion of a similar nature, and also includes that State and any political or administrative subdivision or local authority thereof. This term, however, does not include any person who is liable to tax in that State in respect only of income from sources in that State or capital situated therein.
2 -Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows:
1. a)He shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has a permanent home available to him, if he has a permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State with which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests);
2. b)If the State in which he has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has an habitual abode;
3. c)If he has an habitual abode in both States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State of which he is a national;
4. d)If he is a national of both States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.
3 -Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then it shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which its place of effective management is situated.
Article 5
Permanent establishment
1 -For the purposes of this Convention, the term «permanent establishment» means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.
2 -The term «permanent establishment» includes especially:
1. a)A place of management;
2. b)A branch;
3. c)An office;
4. d)A factory;
5. e)A workshop; and
6. f)A mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources.
3 -A building site or construction or installation project constitutes a «permanent establishment» only if it lasts more than twelve months.
4 -Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this article, the term «permanent establishment» shall be deemed not to include:
1. a)The use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise;
2. b)The maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery;
3. c)The maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise;
4. d)The maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information, for the enterprise;
5. e)The maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character;
6. f)The maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in subparagraphs a) to e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.
5 -Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person - other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 6 applies - is acting on behalf of an enterprise and has, and habitually exercises, in a Contracting State an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in that State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph.
6 -An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business.
7 -The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.
Article 6
Income from immovable property
1 -Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -The term «immovable property» shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources; ships, boats and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property.
3 -The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting or use in any other form of immovable property.
4 -The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services.
5 -The foregoing provisions shall also apply to income from movable property, or income derived from services connected with the use or the right to use the immovable property, which, under the taxation law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated, is assimilated to income from immovable property.
Article 7
Business profits
1 -The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other State but only so much of them as is attributable to that permanent establishment.
2 -Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment.
3 -In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the permanent establishment, including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere.
4 -Insofar as it has been customary in a Contracting State to determine the profits to be attributed to a permanent establishment on the basis of an apportionment of the total profits of the enterprise to its various parts, nothing in paragraph 2 shall preclude that Contracting State from determining the profits to be taxed by such an apportionment as may be customary; the method of apportionment adopted shall, however, be such that the result shall be in accordance with the principles contained in this article.
5 -No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.
6 -For the purposes of the preceding paragraphs, the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.
7 -Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other articles of this Convention, then the provisions of those articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this article.
Article 8
Shipping and air transport
1 -Profits from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
2 -If the place of effective management of a shipping enterprise is aboard a ship, then it shall be deemed to be situated in the Contracting State in which the home harbour of the ship is situated, or, if there is no such home harbour, in the Contracting State of which the operator of the ship is a resident.
3 -The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a joint business or an international operating agency. Paragraph 1 shall also apply to such part of the profits of a consortium as corresponds to the participation held in that consortium by an enterprise the place of effective management of which is situated in a Contracting State.
Article 9
Associated enterprises
1 -Where:
1. a)An enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State; or
2. b)The same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State,
and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.
2 -Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that State and taxes accordingly, profits on which an enterprise of the other Contraction State has been charged to tax in that other State and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first-mentioned State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises then that other State shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of the tax charged therein on those profits, where that other State considers, the adjustment justified. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Convention and the competent authorities of the Contraction States shall if necessary consult each other.
Article 10
Dividends
1 -Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -However, such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed:
1. a)10 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends paid if the beneficial owner is a company that, for an uninterrupted period of two years prior to the payment of the dividend, or if the company paying the dividends has existed for less than two years, during the lifetime of the company, holds directly at least 25 per cent of the capital (capital social) of the company paying the dividends; or
2. b)15 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends.
  The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of the limitations.
  This paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.
3 -The term «dividends» as used in this article means income from shares, «jouissance» shares or «jouissance» rights, mining shares, founders'shares or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected, to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident.
4 -The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
5 -Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profit or income from the other Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other State, nor subject the company's undistributed profits to a tax on the company's undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other State.
Article 11
Interest
1 -Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -However, such interest may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the interest is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the interest. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of this limitation.
3 -Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, interest arising in a Contracting State shall be exempted from tax in that State:
1. a)If the debtor of such interest is the Government of that State, a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof; or
2. b)If interest is paid to the Government of the other Contracting State, a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof or an institution or body (including a financial institution) in connection with any financing granted by them under an agreement between the Governments of the Contracting States; or
3. c)In respect of loans or credit made by the Central Banks of the Contracting States and any other financial institution controlled by the State and financing external business which may be agreed upon between the competent authorities of the Contracting States.
4 -The term «interest» as used in this article means income from debt-claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor's profits, and in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures.
5 -The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the debtclaim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
6 -Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has, in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
7 -Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt-claim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.
Article 12
Royalties
1 -Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -However, such royalties may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the royalties is a resident of that State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the royalties. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of this limitation.
3 -The term «royalties» as used in this article means payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work including cinematography films and films, tapes or discs for radio or television broadcasting, any patent, trade mark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or for the use of, or the right to use, industrial, commercial or scientific equipment, or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience.
4 -The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
5 -Royalties shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the obligation to pay the royalties was incurred, and such royalties are borne by that permanent establishment or fixed base, then such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
6 -Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties, having regard to the use, right or information for which they are paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer, and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.
Article 13
Capital gains
1 -Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise) or of such fixed base may be taxed in that other State.
3 -Gains from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic or movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
4 -Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident.
Article 14
Independent personal services
1 -Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of professional services or other activities of an independent character shall be taxable only in that State unless he has a fixed base regularly available to him in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing his activities. If he has such a fixed base, the income may be taxed in the other State but only so much of it as is attributable to that fixed base.
2 -The term «professional services» includes especially independent scientific, literary, artistic, educational or teaching activities as well as the independent activities of physicians, lawyers, engineers, architects, dentists and accountants.
Article 15
Dependent personal services
1 -Subject to the provisions of articles 16, 18 and 19, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State.
2 -Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if:
1. a)The recipient is present in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any twelve month period commencing or ending in the fiscal year concerned; and
2. b)The remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other State; and
3. c)The remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the employer has in the other State.
3 -Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this article, remuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated in international traffic, may be taxed in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
Article 16
Directors' fees
Directors' fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors, supervisory body or any similar organ of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
Article 17
Artistes and sportsmen
1 -Notwithstanding the provisions of articles 14 and 15, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as a sportsman, from his personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.
2 -Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or a sportsman in his capacity as such accrues not to the entertainer or sportsman himself but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of articles 7, 14 and 15, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or sportsman are exercised.
Article 18
Pensions
Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 19, pensions and other similar remuneration paid to a resident of a Contracting State in consideration of past employment shall be taxable only in that State.
Article 19
Government service
1 -a) Salaries, wages and other similar remuneration, other than a pension, paid by a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State.
1. b)However, such salaries, wages and other similar remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that State and the individual is a resident of that State who:
  1. i)Is a national of that State; or
  2. ii)Did not become a resident of that State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.
2 -a) Any pension paid by, or out of funds created by, a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State.
1. b)However, such pension shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of, that State.
3 -The provisions of articles 15, 16, 17 and 18 shall apply to salaries, wages and other similar remuneration and to pensions in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof.
Article 20
Students
Payments which a student or business apprentice who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first-mentioned State solely for the purpose of his education or training receives for the purpose of his maintenance, education or training shall not be taxed in that State, provided that such payments arise from sources outside that State.
Article 21
Other income
1 -Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing articles of this Convention shall be taxable only in that State.
2 -The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of article 6, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
Article 22
Capital
1 -Capital represented by immovable property referred to in article 6, owned by a resident of a Contracting State and situated in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.
2 -Capital represented by movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or by movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, may be taxed in that other State.
3 -Capital represented by ships and aircraft operated in international traffic and by movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships and aircraft, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
4 -All other elements of capital of a resident of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State.
Article 23
Elimination of double taxation
1 -Where a resident of a Contracting State derives income or owns capital which, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, may be taxed in the other Contracting State, the first-mentioned State shall allow:
1. a)As a deduction from the tax on the income of that resident, an amount equal to the income tax paid in that other State;
2. b)As a deduction from the tax on the capital of that resident, an amount equal to the capital tax paid in that other State.
  Such deduction in either case shall not, however, exceed that part of the income tax or capital tax, as computed before the deduction is given, which is attributable, as the case may be, to the income or the capital which may be taxed in that other State.
2 -Where in accordance with any provision of the Convention income derived or capital owned by a resident of a Contracting State is exempt from tax in that State, such State may nevertheless, in calculating the amount of tax on the remaining income or capital of such resident, take into account the exempted income or capital.
Article 24
Non-discrimination
1 -Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other State in the same circumstances, in particular with respect to residence, are or may be subjected. This provision shall, notwithstanding the provisions of article 1, also apply to persons who are not residents of one or both of the Contracting States.
2 -Stateless persons who are residents of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in either Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of the State concerned in the same circumstances are or may be subjected.
3 -The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favourably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other State carrying on the same activities. This provision shall not be construed as obliging a Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal allowances, reliefs and reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family responsibilities which it grants to its own residents.
4 -Except where the provisions of paragraph 1 of article 9, paragraph 7 of article 11, or paragraph 6 of article 12, apply, interest, royalties and other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State. Similarly, any debts of an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable capital of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been contracted to a resident of the first-mentioned State.
5 -Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first-mentioned State are or may be subjected.
6 -The provisions of this article shall, notwithstanding the provisions of article 2, apply to taxes of every kind and description.
Article 25
Mutual agreement procedure
1 -Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident or, if his case comes under paragraph 1 of article 24, to that of the Contracting State of which he is a national. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Convention.
2 -The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the Convention.
3 -The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Convention.
4 -The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly, including through a joint commission consisting of themselves or their representatives, for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs.
Article 26
Exchange of information
1 -The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Convention or of the domestic laws of the Contracting States concerning taxes covered by the Convention insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the Convention. The exchange of information is not restricted by article 1. Any information received by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret in the same manner as information obtained under the domestic laws of that State and shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) concerned with the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, or the determination of appeals in relation to, the taxes covered by the Convention. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions.
2 -In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 1 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:
1. a)To carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;
2. b)To supply information which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State;
3. c)To supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or information, the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy (ordre public).
  Article 27
  Members of diplomatic missions and consular posts
  Nothing in this Convention shall affect the fiscal privileges of members of diplomatic missions or consular posts under the general rules of international law or under the provisions of special agreements.
  Article 28
  Entry into force
1 -The Governments of the Contracting States shall notify each other that the constitutional requirements for the entry into force of this Convention have been complied with.
2 -The Convention shall enter into force thirty days after the date of the later of the notifications referred to in paragraph 1 and its provisions shall have effect in both Contracting States:
1. a)In respect of taxes withheld at source, the fact giving rise to them appearing on or after the first day of January of the year next following the year in which the Convention enters into force;
2. b)In respect of other taxes, as to income arising or capital owned in any fiscal year beginning on or after the first day of January in the year next following the year in which the Convention enters into force.
  Article 29
  Termination
  This Convention shall remain in force until terminated by a Contracting State. Either Contracting State may terminate the Convention, through diplomatic channels, by giving notice of termination in writing at least six months before the end of any calendar year. In such event, the Convention shall cease to have effect in both Contracting States:
3. a)In respect of taxes withheld at source, the fact giving rise to them appearing on or after the first day of January next following the date on which the period specified in the said notice of termination expires;
4. b)In respect of other taxes, as to income arising or capital owned in the fiscal year beginning on or after the first day of January next following the date on which the period specified in the said notice of termination expires.
  In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorised thereto, have signed this Convention.
  Done in duplicate at Lisbon on this 2nd day of August 1999 in the Portuguese, Icelandic and English languages, the three texts being equally authentic. In the case there is any divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail.
  For the Portuguese Republic:
  (ver assinatura no documento original)
  For the Republic of Iceland:
  (ver assinatura no documento original)
  PROTOCOL
  At the moment of signature of the Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital concluded this day between the Portuguese Republic and the Republic of Iceland, the undersigned have agreed upon the following additional provisions, which form an integral part of the Convention:
  Ad Article 2
  Should Portugal introduce a tax comparable to the Icelandic net wealth tax, the Contracting States shall consult each other to reach an agreement on whether or not to extend the scope of the Convention to include this tax. If Portugal declares itself unable to include this tax in the scope of the Convention, Iceland may, without delay and by way of a communication to be sent through diplomatic channels, terminate subparagraphs (ii) and (iii) of paragraph 3, a), of article 2, stipulating that with effect from the date of introduction of the new Portuguese tax the Convention shall cease to have effect in respect of the Icelandic net wealth.
  Ad Article 10
1 -Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, a), in case of modification of the level of Portuguese taxation in the framework of the European Community tax law, the competent authorities shall consult with each other in order to revise the tax rate laid down in paragraph 2, a), provided, however, that the applicable rate shall not be less than 5 per cent.
2 -In the case of Portugal, the term «dividends» shall be understood to include any income derived under an arrangement for participation in profit (associação em participação) as laid down by the Portuguese law.
In witness whereof, the undersigned duly authorised thereto have signed this Protocol.
Done in duplicate at Lisbon on this 2nd day of August 1999 in the Portuguese, Icelandic and English languages, the three texts being equally authentic. In the case there is any divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail.
For the Portuguese Republic:
(ver assinatura no documento original)
For the Republic of Iceland:
(ver assinatura no documento original)

Artigo 29.º

Denúncia

a)Em relação aos impostos devidos na fonte, cujo facto gerador surja em ou depois de 1 de Janeiro imediatamente seguinte à data em que expira o prazo especificado no referido aviso de denúncia;
b)Em relação aos demais impostos, relativamente aos rendimentos produzidos ou ao capital possuído no ano fiscal com início em ou depois de 1 de Janeiro imediatamente seguinte à data em que expira o prazo especificado no referido aviso de denúncia.
Em testemunho do qual os signatários, devidamente autorizados para o efeito, assinaram a presente Convenção.
Feito em duplicado, em Lisboa, aos 2 dias do mês de Agosto de 1999, nas línguas portuguesa, islandesa e inglesa, sendo os três textos igualmente autênticos. No caso de interpretação divergente, prevalecerá o texto inglês.
Pela República Portuguesa:
(ver assinatura no documento original)
Pela República da Islândia:
(ver assinatura no documento original)
PROTOCOLO
No momento da assinatura da Convenção para Evitar a Dupla Tributação e Prevenir a Evasão Fiscal em Matéria de Impostos sobre o Rendimento e o Capital, celebrada nesta data entre a República Portuguesa e a República da Islândia, os signatários acordaram nas seguintes disposições adicionais, que fazem parte integrante da Convenção:
Ad artigo 2.º
No caso de Portugal introduzir um imposto idêntico ao imposto sobre o património líquido da Islândia, os Estados Contratantes consultar-se-ão no sentido de chegarem a acordo sobre o alargamento ou não do âmbito de aplicação da Convenção de forma a incluir esse imposto. Se Portugal se declarar impossibilitado de incluir esse imposto no âmbito de aplicação da Convenção, a Islândia pode, imediatamente e através de comunicação feita por via diplomática, fazer cessar os subparágrafos (ii) e (iii) do n.º 3, alínea a), do artigo 2.º, estipulando que a Convenção deixará de produzir efeito relativamente ao imposto islandês sobre o património líquido a partir da data da introdução do novo imposto português.
Ad artigo 10.º
1 -Não obstante o disposto no n.º 2, alínea a), no caso de alteração do nível da fiscalidade portuguesa no quadro do direito fiscal da Comunidade Europeia, as autoridades competentes consultar-se-ão a fim de rever a taxa de imposto estabelecida no n.º 2, alínea a), na condição, porém, de que a taxa aplicável não seja inferior a 5%.
2 -No caso de Portugal, considera-se que a expressão «dividendos» inclui os rendimentos obtidos nos termos de um acordo de participação nos lucros (associação em participação), tal como previsto pela legislação portuguesa.
Em testemunho do qual os signatários, devidamente autorizados para o efeito, assinaram o presente Protocolo.
Feito em duplicado, em Lisboa, aos 2 dias do mês de Agosto de 1999, nas línguas portuguesa, islandesa e inglesa, sendo os três textos igualmente autênticos. No caso de interpretação divergente, prevalecerá o texto inglês.
Pela República Portuguesa:
(ver assinatura no documento original)
Pela República da Islândia:
(ver assinatura no documento original)
(ver texto em língua islandesa no documento original)
CONVENTION BETWEEN THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC AND THE REPUBLIC OF ICELAND FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME AND ON CAPITAL.
The Portuguese Republic and the Republic of Iceland, desiring to conclude a Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital, have agreed as follows:
Article 1
Persons covered
This Convention shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.
Article 2
Taxes covered
1 -This Convention shall apply to taxes on income and on capital imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its political or administrative subdivisions or local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied.
2 -There shall be regarded as taxes on income and on capital all taxes imposed on total income, on total capital, or on elements of income or capital, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property, taxes on the total amounts of wages or salaries paid by enterprises, as well as taxes on capital appreciation.
3 -The existing taxes to which the Convention shall apply are, in particular:
1. a)In the case of Iceland:
  1. i)The national income tax (tekjuskattur);
  2. ii)The net wealth tax (eignarskattur);
  3. iii)The extraordinary net wealth tax (sérstakur eignarskattur);
  4. iv)The municipal income tax (útsvar); and
  5. v)The tax levied on the income and capital of banking institutions (tekju og eignarskattur lánastofnana);
    (hereinafter referred to as «icelandic tax»);
2. b)In the case of Portugal:
  1. i)The personal income tax (imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas singulares - IRS);
  2. ii)The corporate income tax (imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas colectivas - IRC); and
  3. iii)The local surtax on corporate income tax (derrama);
    (hereinafter referred to as «portuguese tax»).
4 -The Convention shall apply also to any identical or substantially similar taxes which are imposed after the date of signature of the Convention in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other at the end of each year of any substantial changes which have been made in their respective taxation laws.
Article 3
General definitions
1 -For the purposes of this Convention, unless the context otherwise requires:
1. a)The term «Iceland» means the Republic of Iceland and, when used in a geographical sense, means the territory of the Republic of Iceland, including its territorial sea, and any area beyond the territorial sea within which Iceland, in accordance with international law, exercises jurisdiction or sovereign rights with respect to the sea bed, its subsoil and its superjacent waters, and their natural resources;
2. b)The term «Portugal» means the territory of the Portuguese Republic situated in the European Continent, the archipelagos of Azores and Madeira, the respective territorial sea and any other zone in which, in accordance with the laws of Portugal and international law, the Portuguese Republic has its jurisdiction or sovereign rights with respect to the exploration and exploitation of the natural resources of the sea bed and subsoil, and of the superjacent waters;
3. c)The term «person» includes an individual, a company and any other body of persons;
4. d)The term «company» means any body corporate or any entity which is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;
5. e)The terms «enterprise of a Contracting State» and «enterprise of the other Contracting State» mean respectively an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State;
6. f)The terms «a Contracting State» and «the other Contracting State» mean Iceland or Portugal as the context requires;
7. g)The term «international traffic» means any transport by a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise which has its place of effective management in a Contracting State, except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State;
8. h)The term «competent authority» means:
  1. i)In the case of Iceland, the Minister of Finance or his authorised representative;
  2. ii)In the case of Portugal, the Minister of Finance, the Director General of Taxation (director-geral dos Impostos) or their authorised representative;
9. i)The term «national» means:
  1. i)Any individual possessing the nationality of a Contracting State;
  2. ii)Any legal person, partnership or association deriving its status as such from the laws in force in a Contracting State.
2 -As regards the application of the Convention at any time by a Contracting State any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning that it has at that time under the law of that State for the purposes of the taxes to which the Convention applies, any meaning under the applicable tax laws of that State prevailing over a meaning given to the term under other laws of that State.
Article 4
Resident
1 -For the purposes of this Convention, the term «resident of a Contracting State» means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management or any other criterion of a similar nature, and also includes that State and any political or administrative subdivision or local authority thereof. This term, however, does not include any person who is liable to tax in that State in respect only of income from sources in that State or capital situated therein.
2 -Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows:
1. a)He shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has a permanent home available to him, if he has a permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State with which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests);
2. b)If the State in which he has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has an habitual abode;
3. c)If he has an habitual abode in both States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State of which he is a national;
4. d)If he is a national of both States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.
3 -Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then it shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which its place of effective management is situated.
Article 5
Permanent establishment
1 -For the purposes of this Convention, the term «permanent establishment» means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.
2 -The term «permanent establishment» includes especially:
1. a)A place of management;
2. b)A branch;
3. c)An office;
4. d)A factory;
5. e)A workshop; and
6. f)A mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources.
3 -A building site or construction or installation project constitutes a «permanent establishment» only if it lasts more than twelve months.
4 -Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this article, the term «permanent establishment» shall be deemed not to include:
1. a)The use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise;
2. b)The maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery;
3. c)The maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise;
4. d)The maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information, for the enterprise;
5. e)The maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character;
6. f)The maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in subparagraphs a) to e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.
5 -Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person - other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 6 applies - is acting on behalf of an enterprise and has, and habitually exercises, in a Contracting State an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in that State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph.
6 -An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business.
7 -The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.
Article 6
Income from immovable property
1 -Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -The term «immovable property» shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources; ships, boats and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property.
3 -The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting or use in any other form of immovable property.
4 -The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services.
5 -The foregoing provisions shall also apply to income from movable property, or income derived from services connected with the use or the right to use the immovable property, which, under the taxation law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated, is assimilated to income from immovable property.
Article 7
Business profits
1 -The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other State but only so much of them as is attributable to that permanent establishment.
2 -Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment.
3 -In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the permanent establishment, including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere.
4 -Insofar as it has been customary in a Contracting State to determine the profits to be attributed to a permanent establishment on the basis of an apportionment of the total profits of the enterprise to its various parts, nothing in paragraph 2 shall preclude that Contracting State from determining the profits to be taxed by such an apportionment as may be customary; the method of apportionment adopted shall, however, be such that the result shall be in accordance with the principles contained in this article.
5 -No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.
6 -For the purposes of the preceding paragraphs, the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.
7 -Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other articles of this Convention, then the provisions of those articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this article.
Article 8
Shipping and air transport
1 -Profits from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
2 -If the place of effective management of a shipping enterprise is aboard a ship, then it shall be deemed to be situated in the Contracting State in which the home harbour of the ship is situated, or, if there is no such home harbour, in the Contracting State of which the operator of the ship is a resident.
3 -The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a joint business or an international operating agency. Paragraph 1 shall also apply to such part of the profits of a consortium as corresponds to the participation held in that consortium by an enterprise the place of effective management of which is situated in a Contracting State.
Article 9
Associated enterprises
1 -Where:
1. a)An enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State; or
2. b)The same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State,
and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.
2 -Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that State and taxes accordingly, profits on which an enterprise of the other Contraction State has been charged to tax in that other State and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first-mentioned State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises then that other State shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of the tax charged therein on those profits, where that other State considers, the adjustment justified. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Convention and the competent authorities of the Contraction States shall if necessary consult each other.
Article 10
Dividends
1 -Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -However, such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed:
1. a)10 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends paid if the beneficial owner is a company that, for an uninterrupted period of two years prior to the payment of the dividend, or if the company paying the dividends has existed for less than two years, during the lifetime of the company, holds directly at least 25 per cent of the capital (capital social) of the company paying the dividends; or
2. b)15 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends.
  The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of the limitations.
  This paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.
3 -The term «dividends» as used in this article means income from shares, «jouissance» shares or «jouissance» rights, mining shares, founders'shares or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected, to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident.
4 -The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
5 -Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profit or income from the other Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other State, nor subject the company's undistributed profits to a tax on the company's undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other State.
Article 11
Interest
1 -Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -However, such interest may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the interest is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the interest. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of this limitation.
3 -Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, interest arising in a Contracting State shall be exempted from tax in that State:
1. a)If the debtor of such interest is the Government of that State, a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof; or
2. b)If interest is paid to the Government of the other Contracting State, a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof or an institution or body (including a financial institution) in connection with any financing granted by them under an agreement between the Governments of the Contracting States; or
3. c)In respect of loans or credit made by the Central Banks of the Contracting States and any other financial institution controlled by the State and financing external business which may be agreed upon between the competent authorities of the Contracting States.
4 -The term «interest» as used in this article means income from debt-claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor's profits, and in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures.
5 -The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the debtclaim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
6 -Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has, in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
7 -Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt-claim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.
Article 12
Royalties
1 -Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -However, such royalties may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the royalties is a resident of that State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the royalties. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of this limitation.
3 -The term «royalties» as used in this article means payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work including cinematography films and films, tapes or discs for radio or television broadcasting, any patent, trade mark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or for the use of, or the right to use, industrial, commercial or scientific equipment, or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience.
4 -The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
5 -Royalties shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the obligation to pay the royalties was incurred, and such royalties are borne by that permanent establishment or fixed base, then such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
6 -Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties, having regard to the use, right or information for which they are paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer, and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.
Article 13
Capital gains
1 -Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise) or of such fixed base may be taxed in that other State.
3 -Gains from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic or movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
4 -Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident.
Article 14
Independent personal services
1 -Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of professional services or other activities of an independent character shall be taxable only in that State unless he has a fixed base regularly available to him in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing his activities. If he has such a fixed base, the income may be taxed in the other State but only so much of it as is attributable to that fixed base.
2 -The term «professional services» includes especially independent scientific, literary, artistic, educational or teaching activities as well as the independent activities of physicians, lawyers, engineers, architects, dentists and accountants.
Article 15
Dependent personal services
1 -Subject to the provisions of articles 16, 18 and 19, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State.
2 -Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if:
1. a)The recipient is present in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any twelve month period commencing or ending in the fiscal year concerned; and
2. b)The remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other State; and
3. c)The remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the employer has in the other State.
3 -Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this article, remuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated in international traffic, may be taxed in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
Article 16
Directors' fees
Directors' fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors, supervisory body or any similar organ of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
Article 17
Artistes and sportsmen
1 -Notwithstanding the provisions of articles 14 and 15, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as a sportsman, from his personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.
2 -Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or a sportsman in his capacity as such accrues not to the entertainer or sportsman himself but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of articles 7, 14 and 15, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or sportsman are exercised.
Article 18
Pensions
Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 19, pensions and other similar remuneration paid to a resident of a Contracting State in consideration of past employment shall be taxable only in that State.
Article 19
Government service
1 -a) Salaries, wages and other similar remuneration, other than a pension, paid by a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State.
1. b)However, such salaries, wages and other similar remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that State and the individual is a resident of that State who:
  1. i)Is a national of that State; or
  2. ii)Did not become a resident of that State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.
2 -a) Any pension paid by, or out of funds created by, a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State.
1. b)However, such pension shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of, that State.
3 -The provisions of articles 15, 16, 17 and 18 shall apply to salaries, wages and other similar remuneration and to pensions in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof.
Article 20
Students
Payments which a student or business apprentice who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first-mentioned State solely for the purpose of his education or training receives for the purpose of his maintenance, education or training shall not be taxed in that State, provided that such payments arise from sources outside that State.
Article 21
Other income
1 -Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing articles of this Convention shall be taxable only in that State.
2 -The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of article 6, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
Article 22
Capital
1 -Capital represented by immovable property referred to in article 6, owned by a resident of a Contracting State and situated in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.
2 -Capital represented by movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or by movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, may be taxed in that other State.
3 -Capital represented by ships and aircraft operated in international traffic and by movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships and aircraft, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
4 -All other elements of capital of a resident of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State.
Article 23
Elimination of double taxation
1 -Where a resident of a Contracting State derives income or owns capital which, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, may be taxed in the other Contracting State, the first-mentioned State shall allow:
1. a)As a deduction from the tax on the income of that resident, an amount equal to the income tax paid in that other State;
2. b)As a deduction from the tax on the capital of that resident, an amount equal to the capital tax paid in that other State.
  Such deduction in either case shall not, however, exceed that part of the income tax or capital tax, as computed before the deduction is given, which is attributable, as the case may be, to the income or the capital which may be taxed in that other State.
2 -Where in accordance with any provision of the Convention income derived or capital owned by a resident of a Contracting State is exempt from tax in that State, such State may nevertheless, in calculating the amount of tax on the remaining income or capital of such resident, take into account the exempted income or capital.
Article 24
Non-discrimination
1 -Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other State in the same circumstances, in particular with respect to residence, are or may be subjected. This provision shall, notwithstanding the provisions of article 1, also apply to persons who are not residents of one or both of the Contracting States.
2 -Stateless persons who are residents of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in either Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of the State concerned in the same circumstances are or may be subjected.
3 -The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favourably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other State carrying on the same activities. This provision shall not be construed as obliging a Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal allowances, reliefs and reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family responsibilities which it grants to its own residents.
4 -Except where the provisions of paragraph 1 of article 9, paragraph 7 of article 11, or paragraph 6 of article 12, apply, interest, royalties and other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State. Similarly, any debts of an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable capital of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been contracted to a resident of the first-mentioned State.
5 -Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first-mentioned State are or may be subjected.
6 -The provisions of this article shall, notwithstanding the provisions of article 2, apply to taxes of every kind and description.
Article 25
Mutual agreement procedure
1 -Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident or, if his case comes under paragraph 1 of article 24, to that of the Contracting State of which he is a national. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Convention.
2 -The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the Convention.
3 -The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Convention.
4 -The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly, including through a joint commission consisting of themselves or their representatives, for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs.
Article 26
Exchange of information
1 -The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Convention or of the domestic laws of the Contracting States concerning taxes covered by the Convention insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the Convention. The exchange of information is not restricted by article 1. Any information received by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret in the same manner as information obtained under the domestic laws of that State and shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) concerned with the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, or the determination of appeals in relation to, the taxes covered by the Convention. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions.
2 -In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 1 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:
1. a)To carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;
2. b)To supply information which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State;
3. c)To supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or information, the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy (ordre public).
  Article 27
  Members of diplomatic missions and consular posts
  Nothing in this Convention shall affect the fiscal privileges of members of diplomatic missions or consular posts under the general rules of international law or under the provisions of special agreements.
  Article 28
  Entry into force
1 -The Governments of the Contracting States shall notify each other that the constitutional requirements for the entry into force of this Convention have been complied with.
2 -The Convention shall enter into force thirty days after the date of the later of the notifications referred to in paragraph 1 and its provisions shall have effect in both Contracting States:
1. a)In respect of taxes withheld at source, the fact giving rise to them appearing on or after the first day of January of the year next following the year in which the Convention enters into force;
2. b)In respect of other taxes, as to income arising or capital owned in any fiscal year beginning on or after the first day of January in the year next following the year in which the Convention enters into force.
  Article 29
  Termination
  This Convention shall remain in force until terminated by a Contracting State. Either Contracting State may terminate the Convention, through diplomatic channels, by giving notice of termination in writing at least six months before the end of any calendar year. In such event, the Convention shall cease to have effect in both Contracting States:
3. a)In respect of taxes withheld at source, the fact giving rise to them appearing on or after the first day of January next following the date on which the period specified in the said notice of termination expires;
4. b)In respect of other taxes, as to income arising or capital owned in the fiscal year beginning on or after the first day of January next following the date on which the period specified in the said notice of termination expires.
  In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorised thereto, have signed this Convention.
  Done in duplicate at Lisbon on this 2nd day of August 1999 in the Portuguese, Icelandic and English languages, the three texts being equally authentic. In the case there is any divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail.
  For the Portuguese Republic:
  (ver assinatura no documento original)
  For the Republic of Iceland:
  (ver assinatura no documento original)
  PROTOCOL
  At the moment of signature of the Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital concluded this day between the Portuguese Republic and the Republic of Iceland, the undersigned have agreed upon the following additional provisions, which form an integral part of the Convention:
  Ad Article 2
  Should Portugal introduce a tax comparable to the Icelandic net wealth tax, the Contracting States shall consult each other to reach an agreement on whether or not to extend the scope of the Convention to include this tax. If Portugal declares itself unable to include this tax in the scope of the Convention, Iceland may, without delay and by way of a communication to be sent through diplomatic channels, terminate subparagraphs (ii) and (iii) of paragraph 3, a), of article 2, stipulating that with effect from the date of introduction of the new Portuguese tax the Convention shall cease to have effect in respect of the Icelandic net wealth.
  Ad Article 10
1 -Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, a), in case of modification of the level of Portuguese taxation in the framework of the European Community tax law, the competent authorities shall consult with each other in order to revise the tax rate laid down in paragraph 2, a), provided, however, that the applicable rate shall not be less than 5 per cent.
2 -In the case of Portugal, the term «dividends» shall be understood to include any income derived under an arrangement for participation in profit (associação em participação) as laid down by the Portuguese law.
In witness whereof, the undersigned duly authorised thereto have signed this Protocol.
Done in duplicate at Lisbon on this 2nd day of August 1999 in the Portuguese, Icelandic and English languages, the three texts being equally authentic. In the case there is any divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail.
For the Portuguese Republic:
(ver assinatura no documento original)
For the Republic of Iceland:
(ver assinatura no documento original)