Resolução

Resolução da Assembleia da República n.º 84/2000

Aprova, para ratificação, a Convenção entre a República Portuguesa e os Estados Unidos Mexicanos para Evitar a Dupla Tributação e Prevenir a Evasão Fiscal em Matéria de Impostos sobre o Rendimento e o Protocolo Anexo, assinados na Cidade do México em 11 de Novembro de 1999

Artigo 1.º

Pessoas visadas

Esta Convenção aplica-se às pessoas residentes de um ou de ambos os Estados Contratantes.

Artigo 2.º

Impostos visados

1 -Esta Convenção aplica-se aos impostos sobre o rendimento exigidos por cada um dos Estados Contratantes ou suas subdivisões políticas ou administrativas ou autarquias locais, seja qual for o sistema usado para a sua percepção, nos termos deste artigo.
2 -São considerados impostos sobre o rendimento todos os impostos incidentes sobre o rendimento total ou sobre elementos do rendimento, incluídos os impostos sobre os ganhos derivados da alienação de bens mobiliários ou imobiliários, os impostos sobre o montante global dos salários pagos pelas empresas, bem como os impostos sobre as mais-valias.
3 -Os impostos existentes a que esta Convenção se aplica são, designadamente:
1. a)Relativamente a Portugal:
  1. i)O imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas singulares (IRS);
  2. ii)O imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas colectivas (IRC); e
  3. iii)O imposto local sobre o imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas colectivas (derrama);
    (a seguir referidos pela designação «imposto português»);
2. b)Relativamente ao México:
  O imposto sobre o rendimento (impuesto sobre la renta) (a seguir referido pela designação «imposto mexicano»).
4 -A Convenção será também aplicável aos impostos de natureza idêntica ou substancialmente similar que entrem em vigor posteriormente à data da assinatura da Convenção e que venham a acrescer aos actuais ou a substituí-los. As autoridades competentes dos Estados Contratantes comunicarão uma à outra quaisquer modificações importantes introduzidas nas respectivas legislações fiscais.

Artigo 3.º

Definições gerais

1 -Para efeitos desta Convenção, a não ser que o contexto exija interpretação diferente:
1. a)O termo «Portugal» designa o território da República Portuguesa situado no continente europeu, os arquipélagos dos Açores e da Madeira, o respectivo mar territorial e, bem assim, qualquer outra zona onde, em conformidade com a legislação portuguesa e com o direito internacional, a República Portuguesa tem direitos soberanos ou jurisdição relativamente à prospecção e à exploração, à conservação e à gestão dos recursos naturais, vivos ou não, das águas sobrejacentes ao leito do mar e do leito do mar e seu subsolo;
2. b)O termo «México» significa os Estados Unidos Mexicanos; quando usado em sentido geográfico, compreende o território dos Estados Unidos Mexicanos, bem como as zonas integrantes da Federação, as ilhas, incluindo os recifes e baixios das águas adjacentes, as ilhas de Guadalupe e Revillagigedo, a plataforma continental e o leito do mar e o subsolo das ilhas, recifes e baixios, as águas do mar territorial e as interiores e, para além delas, as zonas onde, em conformidade com o direito internacional, o México pode exercer os seus direitos soberanos relativamente à prospecção, pesquisa e exploração dos recursos naturais do leito do mar, do seu subsolo e das águas sobrejacentes; e o espaço aéreo do seu território nacional na medida e condições definidas pelo direito internacional;
3. c)As expressões «um Estado Contratante» e «o outro Estado Contratante» significam Portugal ou o México, consoante resulte do contexto;
4. d)O termo «pessoa» compreende uma pessoa singular, uma sociedade e qualquer outro agrupamento de pessoas;
5. e)O termo «sociedade» significa qualquer pessoa colectiva ou qualquer entidade que é tratada como pessoa colectiva para fins tributários;
6. f)As expressões «empresa de um Estado Contratante» e «empresa do outro Estado Contratante» significam, respectivamente, uma empresa explorada por um residente de um Estado Contratante e uma empresa explorada por um residente do outro Estado Contratante;
7. g)A expressão «tráfego internacional» significa qualquer transporte por navio ou aeronave explorado por uma empresa cuja direcção efectiva esteja situada num Estado Contratante, excepto quando esse transporte for explorado somente entre lugares situados no outro Estado Contratante;
8. h)A expressão «autoridade competente» significa:
  1. i)No caso de Portugal, o Ministro das Finanças, o director-geral dos Impostos ou os seus representantes autorizados;
  2. ii)No caso do México, o Ministro das Finanças e do Crédito Público;
9. i)O termo «nacional» designa:
  1. i)Qualquer pessoa singular que tenha a nacionalidade de um Estado Contratante;
  2. ii)Qualquer pessoa colectiva, associação ou outra entidade constituída de harmonia com a legislação em vigor num Estado Contratante.
2 -No que se refere à aplicação desta Convenção, num dado momento, por um Estado Contratante, qualquer expressão não definida de outro modo deverá ter, a não ser que o contexto exija interpretação diferente, o significado que lhe for atribuído nesse momento pela legislação desse Estado que regula os impostos a que a Convenção se aplica, prevalecendo a interpretação resultante desta legislação fiscal sobre a que decorre de outra legislação desse Estado.

Artigo 4.º

Residente

1 -Para efeitos desta Convenção, a expressão «residente de um Estado Contratante» significa qualquer pessoa que, por virtude da legislação desse Estado, está aí sujeita a imposto devido ao seu domicílio, à sua residência, ao seu local de direcção, ao seu local de constituição ou a qualquer outro critério de natureza similar e também inclui o Estado e qualquer sua subdivisão política ou administrativa ou autarquia local. Todavia, esta expressão não inclui qualquer pessoa que está sujeita a imposto nesse Estado apenas relativamente ao rendimento de fontes localizadas nesse Estado.
2 -Quando, por virtude do disposto no n.º 1, uma pessoa singular for residente de ambos os Estados Contratantes, a sua situação será determinada como se segue:
1. a)Será considerada residente do Estado em que tenha uma habitação permanente à sua disposição; se tiver uma habitação permanente à sua disposição em ambos os Estados, será considerada residente do Estado com o qual sejam mais estreitas as suas relações pessoais e económicas (centro de interesses vitais);
2. b)Se o Estado em que tem o centro de interesses vitais não puder ser determinado, ou se não tiver uma habitação permanente à sua disposição em nenhum dos Estados, será considerada residente do Estado em que permaneça habitualmente;
3. c)Se permanecer habitualmente em ambos os Estados, ou se não permanecer habitualmente em nenhum deles, será considerada residente do Estado de que for nacional;
4. d)Se for nacional de ambos os Estados, ou se não for nacional de nenhum deles, as autoridades competentes de ambos os Estados resolverão o caso de comum acordo.
3 -Quando, por virtude do disposto no n.º 1, uma pessoa que não seja uma pessoa singular for residente de ambos os Estados Contratantes, será considerada residente do Estado em que estiver situada a sua direcção efectiva.

Artigo 5.º

Estabelecimento estável

1 -Para efeitos desta Convenção, a expressão «estabelecimento estável» significa uma instalação fixa através da qual a empresa exerce toda ou parte da sua actividade.
2 -A expressão «estabelecimento estável» compreende, nomeadamente:
1. a)Um local de direcção;
2. b)Uma sucursal;
3. c)Um escritório;
4. d)Uma fábrica;
5. e)Uma oficina; e
6. f)Uma mina, um poço de petróleo ou gás, uma pedreira ou qualquer outro local de extracção de recursos naturais.
3 -Um local ou um estaleiro de construção ou um projecto de construção, de montagem ou de instalação ou as actividades de supervisão conexas só constituem um estabelecimento estável se a sua duração exceder nove meses.
4 -Não obstante as disposições anteriores deste artigo, a expressão «estabelecimento estável» não compreende:
1. a)As instalações utilizadas unicamente para armazenar, expor ou entregar bens ou mercadorias pertencentes à empresa;
2. b)Um depósito de bens ou de mercadorias pertencentes à empresa mantido unicamente para as armazenar, expor ou entregar;
3. c)Um depósito de bens ou de mercadorias pertencentes à empresa mantido unicamente para serem transformadas por outra empresa;
4. d)Uma instalação fixa mantida unicamente para comprar bens ou mercadorias ou reunir informações para a empresa;
5. e)Uma instalação fixa mantida unicamente para fazer publicidade, fornecer informações, para investigação científica ou para preparação em ligação com a colocação de empréstimos, ou para actividades similares de carácter preparatório ou auxiliar para a empresa, desde que a empresa não receba qualquer rendimento pelo exercício dessas actividades;
6. f)Uma instalação fixa mantida unicamente para o exercício de qualquer combinação das actividades referidas nas alíneas a) a e), desde que a actividade de conjunto da instalação fixa resultante desta combinação seja de carácter preparatório ou auxiliar.
5 -Não obstante o disposto nos n.os 1 e 2, quando uma pessoa - que não seja um agente independente, a que é aplicável o n.º 7 - actue por conta de uma empresa e tenha e habitualmente exerça num Estado Contratante poderes para concluir contratos em nome da empresa, será considerado que esta empresa tem um estabelecimento estável nesse Estado relativamente a qualquer actividade que essa pessoa exerça para a empresa, a não ser que as actividades de tal pessoa se limitem às indicadas no n.º 4, as quais, se fossem exercidas através de uma instalação fixa, não permitiriam considerar esta instalação fixa como um estabelecimento estável, de acordo com as disposições desse número.
6 -Não obstante as disposições precedentes deste artigo, uma empresa de seguros de um dos Estados Contratantes, com excepção de resseguros, será considerada como tendo um estabelecimento estável no outro Estado Contratante desde que, por intermédio de um representante que não entre na categoria das pessoas visadas no n.º 7, receba prémios no território deste último Estado ou segure riscos situados nesse território.
7 -Não se considera que uma empresa tem um estabelecimento estável num Estado Contratante pelo simples facto de exercer a sua actividade nesse Estado por intermédio de um corrector, de um comissário-geral ou de qualquer outro agente independente, desde que essas pessoas actuem no âmbito normal da sua actividade e desde que nas suas relações comerciais ou financeiras com a empresa não se verifiquem nem sejam impostas condições que difiram das normalmente acordadas por agentes independentes.
8 -O facto de uma sociedade residente de um Estado Contratante controlar ou ser controlada por uma sociedade residente do outro Estado Contratante, ou que exerça a sua actividade nesse outro Estado (quer seja através de um estabelecimento estável, quer de outro modo), não é, só por si, bastante para fazer de qualquer dessas sociedades estabelecimento estável da outra.

Artigo 6.º

Rendimentos dos bens imobiliários

1 -Os rendimentos que um residente de um Estado Contratante aufira de bens imobiliários (incluídos os rendimentos das explorações agrícolas ou florestais) situados no outro Estado podem ser tributados nesse outro Estado.
2 -A expressão «bens imobiliários» terá o significado que lhe for atribuído pelo direito do Estado Contratante em que tais bens estiverem situados. A expressão compreende sempre os acessórios, o gado e o equipamento das explorações agrícolas e florestais, os direitos a que se apliquem as disposições do direito privado relativas à propriedade de bens imóveis, o usufruto de bens imobiliários e os direitos a retribuições variáveis ou fixas pela exploração ou pela concessão da exploração de jazigos minerais, fontes e outros recursos naturais; os navios e aeronaves não são considerados bens imobiliários.
3 -O disposto no n.º 1 aplica-se aos rendimentos derivados da utilização directa, do arrendamento ou de qualquer outra forma de utilização dos bens imobiliários.
4 -O disposto nos n.os 1 e 3 aplica-se igualmente aos rendimentos provenientes de bens imobiliários de uma empresa e aos rendimentos dos bens imobiliários utilizados para o exercício de profissões independentes.
5 -As disposições anteriores aplicam-se igualmente aos rendimentos provenientes de bens mobiliários ou de serviços conexos com o uso ou a concessão do uso dos bens imobiliários que, de acordo com o direito fiscal do Estado Contratante em que tais bens estiverem situados, sejam assimilados aos rendimentos derivados dos bens imobiliários.

Artigo 7.º

Lucros das empresas

1 -Os lucros de uma empresa de um Estado Contratante só podem ser tributados nesse Estado, a não ser que a empresa exerça a sua actividade no outro Estado Contratante por meio de um estabelecimento estável aí situado. Se a empresa exercer a sua actividade deste modo, os seus lucros podem ser tributados no outro Estado, mas unicamente na medida em que forem imputáveis:
1. a)A esse estabelecimento estável;
2. b)A vendas nesse outro Estado de bens ou mercadorias da mesma espécie ou de espécie similar dos vendidos através desse estabelecimento estável.
  Contudo, os lucros derivados das vendas descritas na alínea b) não serão tributados no outro Estado Contratante, se a empresa demonstrar que tais vendas não têm qualquer conexão com o estabelecimento estável e que foram efectuadas com um objectivo diverso do da obtenção de benefícios ao abrigo desta Convenção.
2 -Com ressalva do disposto no n.º 3, quando uma empresa de um Estado Contratante exercer a sua actividade no outro Estado Contratante por meio de um estabelecimento estável aí situado, serão imputados, em cada Estado Contratante, a esse estabelecimento estável os lucros que este obteria se fosse uma empresa distinta e separada que exercesse as mesmas actividades ou actividades similares, nas mesmas condições ou em condições similares, e tratasse com absoluta independência com a empresa de que é estabelecimento estável.
3 -Na determinação do lucro de um estabelecimento estável, é permitido deduzir as despesas que tiverem sido feitas para realização dos fins prosseguidos por esse estabelecimento estável, incluindo as despesas de direcção e as despesas gerais de administração efectuadas com o fim referido, quer no Estado em que esse estabelecimento estável estiver situado, quer fora dele.
4 -Se for usual num Estado Contratante determinar os lucros imputáveis a um estabelecimento estável com base numa repartição dos lucros totais da empresa entre as suas diversas partes, a disposição do n.º 2 deste artigo não impedirá esse Estado Contratante de determinar os lucros tributáveis de acordo com a repartição usual; o método de repartição adoptado deve, no entanto, conduzir a um resultado conforme com os princípios enunciados neste artigo.
5 -Nenhum lucro será imputado a um estabelecimento estável pelo facto da simples compra de bens ou de mercadorias por esse estabelecimento estável para a empresa.
6 -Para efeitos dos números precedentes, os lucros a imputar ao estabelecimento estável serão calculados, em cada ano, segundo o mesmo método, a não ser que existam motivos válidos e suficientes para proceder de forma diferente.
7 -Quando os lucros compreendam elementos do rendimento especialmente tratados noutros artigos desta Convenção, as respectivas disposições não serão afectadas pelas deste artigo.

Artigo 8.º

Transporte marítimo e aéreo

1 -Os lucros provenientes da exploração de navios ou aeronaves no tráfego internacional só podem ser tributados no Estado Contratante em que estiver situada a direcção efectiva da empresa.
2 -Se a direcção efectiva de uma empresa de navegação marítima se situar a bordo de um navio, a direcção efectiva considera-se situada no Estado Contratante em que se encontra o porto onde esse navio estiver registado ou, na falta de porto de registo, no Estado Contratante de que é residente a pessoa que explora o navio.
3 -O disposto no n.º 1 é aplicável igualmente aos lucros provenientes da participação num pool, numa exploração em comum ou num organismo internacional de exploração.
4 -Quando sociedades de países diferentes acordam em exercer uma actividade de transporte aéreo sob a forma de um consórcio, o disposto nos n.os 1 e 3 aplicar-se-á à parte dos lucros do consórcio correspondente à participação detida nesse consórcio por uma sociedade residente de um Estado Contratante.

Artigo 9.º

Empresas associadas

1 -Quando:
1. a)Uma empresa de um Estado Contratante participar, directa ou indirectamente, na direcção, no controlo ou no capital de uma empresa do outro Estado Contratante; ou
2. b)As mesmas pessoas participarem, directa ou indirectamente, na direcção, no controlo ou no capital de uma empresa de um Estado Contratante e de uma empresa do outro Estado Contratante;
e em ambos os casos as duas empresas, nas suas relações comerciais ou financeiras, estiverem ligadas por condições aceites ou impostas que difiram das que seriam estabelecidas entre empresas independentes, os lucros que, se não existissem essas condições, teriam sido obtidos por uma das empresas, mas não o foram por causa dessas condições, podem ser incluídos nos lucros dessa empresa e, consequentemente, tributados.
2 -Quando um Estado Contratante incluir nos lucros de uma empresa desse Estado - e tributar nessa conformidade - os lucros pelos quais uma empresa do outro Estado Contratante foi tributada nesse outro Estado, e os lucros incluídos deste modo constituírem lucros que teriam sido obtidos pela empresa do primeiro Estado, se as condições acordadas entre as duas empresas tivessem sido as condições que teriam sido estabelecidas entre empresas independentes, o outro Estado procederá ao ajustamento adequado do montante do imposto aí cobrado sobre os lucros referidos, se esse outro Estado considerar o ajustamento justificado. Na determinação deste ajustamento, serão tomadas em consideração as outras disposições desta Convenção e as autoridades competentes dos Estados Contratantes consultar-se-ão, se necessário.

Artigo 10.º

Dividendos

1 -Os dividendos pagos por uma sociedade residente de um Estado Contratante a um residente do outro Estado Contratante podem ser tributados nesse outro Estado.
2 -Esses dividendos podem, no entanto, ser igualmente tributados no Estado Contratante de que é residente a sociedade que paga os dividendos e de acordo com a legislação desse Estado, mas, se o beneficiário efectivo dos dividendos for um residente do outro Estado Contratante, o imposto assim estabelecido não poderá exceder 10% do montante bruto dos dividendos.
Este número não afecta a tributação da sociedade pelos lucros dos quais os dividendos são pagos.
3 -O termo «dividendos», usado neste artigo, significa os rendimentos provenientes de acções, acções ou bónus de fruição, partes de minas, partes de fundador ou outros direitos, com excepção dos créditos, que permitam participar nos lucros, assim como os rendimentos derivados de outras partes sociais sujeitos ao mesmo regime fiscal que os rendimentos de acções pela legislação do Estado de que é residente a sociedade que os distribui.
4 -O disposto nos n.os 1 e 2 não é aplicável, se o beneficiário efectivo dos dividendos, residente de um Estado Contratante, exercer uma actividade no outro Estado Contratante de que é residente a sociedade que paga os dividendos, por meio de um estabelecimento estável aí situado, ou exercer nesse outro Estado uma profissão independente, por meio de uma instalação fixa aí situada, e a participação relativamente à qual os dividendos são pagos estiver efectivamente ligada a esse estabelecimento estável ou a essa instalação fixa. Nesse caso, são aplicáveis as disposições do artigo 7.º ou do artigo 14.º, consoante o caso.
5 -Quando uma sociedade residente de um Estado Contratante obtiver lucros ou rendimentos provenientes do outro Estado Contratante, esse outro Estado não poderá exigir nenhum imposto sobre os dividendos pagos pela sociedade, excepto na medida em que esses dividendos forem pagos a um residente desse outro Estado ou na medida em que a participação relativamente à qual os dividendos são pagos estiver efectivamente ligada a um estabelecimento estável ou a uma instalação fixa situados nesse outro Estado, nem sujeitar os lucros não distribuídos da sociedade a um imposto sobre os lucros não distribuídos, mesmo que os dividendos pagos ou os lucros não distribuídos consistam, total ou parcialmente, em lucros ou rendimentos provenientes desse outro Estado.

Artigo 11.º

Juros

1 -Os juros provenientes de um Estado Contratante e pagos a um residente do outro Estado Contratante podem ser tributados nesse outro Estado.
2 -No entanto, esses juros podem ser igualmente tributados no Estado Contratante de que provêm e de acordo com a legislação desse Estado, mas, se o beneficiário efectivo dos juros for um residente do outro Estado Contratante, o imposto assim estabelecido não poderá exceder 10% do montante bruto dos juros.
3 -Não obstante o disposto no n.º 2, os juros provenientes de um Estado Contratante serão isentos de imposto nesse Estado:
1. a)Se o devedor ou o beneficiário dos juros for o dito Estado, uma sua subdivisão política ou administrativa ou autarquia local ou o banco central; ou
2. b)Se os juros forem pagos em ligação com um empréstimo concedido por um período não inferior a três anos, ou garantido, por uma instituição financeira ou de crédito de natureza pública com o objectivo de promover a exportação ou o desenvolvimento através da concessão de créditos ou garantias em condições preferenciais.
4 -O termo «juros» usado neste artigo significa os rendimentos de créditos de qualquer natureza com ou sem garantia hipotecária e com ou sem direito a participar nos lucros do devedor e, nomeadamente, os rendimentos de títulos da dívida pública e de obrigações, incluindo prémios atinentes a esses títulos, bem como todos os outros rendimentos que são tratados como rendimentos de créditos pela lei tributária do Estado Contratante de que provêm os rendimentos.
5 -O disposto nos n.os 1, 2 e 3 não é aplicável, se o beneficiário efectivo dos juros residente de um Estado Contratante exercer no outro Estado Contratante de que provêm os juros uma actividade industrial ou comercial, através de um estabelecimento estável aí situado, ou exercer nesse outro Estado uma profissão independente, por meio de uma instalação fixa aí situada, e o crédito relativamente ao qual os juros são pagos estiver efectivamente ligado a esse estabelecimento estável ou a essa instalação fixa. Nesse caso, são aplicáveis as disposições do artigo 7.º ou do artigo 14.º, consoante o caso.
6 -Os juros consideram-se provenientes de um Estado Contratante quando o devedor for um residente desse Estado. Todavia, quando o devedor dos juros, seja ou não residente de um Estado Contratante, tiver num Estado Contratante um estabelecimento estável ou uma instalação fixa em relação com os quais haja sido contraída a obrigação pela qual os juros são pagos e esse estabelecimento estável ou essa instalação fixa suportem o pagamento desses juros, tais juros são considerados provenientes do Estado Contratante em que o estabelecimento estável ou a instalação fixa estiverem situados.
7 -Quando, devido a relações especiais existentes entre o devedor e o beneficiário efectivo ou entre ambos e qualquer outra pessoa, o montante dos juros, tendo em conta o crédito pelo qual são pagos, exceder por qualquer razão o montante que seria acordado entre o devedor e o beneficiário efectivo na ausência de tais relações, as disposições deste artigo são aplicáveis apenas a este último montante. Nesse caso, o excesso pode continuar a ser tributado de acordo com a legislação de cada Estado Contratante, tendo em conta as outras disposições desta Convenção.

Artigo 12.º

Royalties

1 -As royalties provenientes de um Estado Contratante e pagas a um residente do outro Estado Contratante podem ser tributadas nesse outro Estado.
2 -Todavia, essas royalties podem ser igualmente tributadas no Estado Contratante de que provêm, e de acordo com a legislação desse Estado, mas, se a pessoa que receber as royalties for o seu beneficiário efectivo, o imposto assim estabelecido não poderá exceder 10% do montante bruto das royalties.
3 -O termo royalties usado neste artigo significa as retribuições de qualquer natureza, pagas pelo uso ou pela concessão do uso de um direito de autor sobre uma obra literária, artística ou científica (incluindo os filmes cinematográficos, vídeos e os filmes ou gravações para transmissão pela rádio ou televisão), de uma patente, de uma marca de fabrico ou de comércio, de um desenho ou de um modelo, de um plano, de uma fórmula ou de um processo secretos bem como pelo uso ou pela concessão do uso de um equipamento industrial, comercial ou científico ou por informações respeitantes a uma experiência adquirida no sector industrial, comercial ou científico. O termo royalties inclui ainda os ganhos provenientes do uso de tais direitos ou bens no caso de alienação desses direitos ou bens, na medida em que tais ganhos dependam da produtividade, uso ou alienação dos mesmos.
4 -O disposto nos n.os 1 e 2 não é aplicável, se o beneficiário efectivo das royalties residente de um Estado Contratante exercer no outro Estado Contratante de que provêm as royalties uma actividade industrial ou comercial por meio de um estabelecimento estável aí situado, o exercer nesse outro Estado uma profissão independente, por meio de uma instalação fixa aí situada, e o direito ou o bem relativamente ao qual as royalties são pagas estiver efectivamente ligado a esse estabelecimento estável ou a essa instalação fixa. Nesse caso, são aplicáveis as disposições do artigo 7.º ou do artigo 14.º, consoante o caso.
5 -As royalties consideram-se provenientes de um Estado Contratante quando o devedor for um residente desse Estado. Todavia, quando o devedor das royalties, seja ou não residente de um Estado Contratante, tiver num Estado Contratante um estabelecimento estável ou uma instalação fixa em ligação com os quais haja sido contraída a obrigação que dá origem ao pagamento das royalties e esse estabelecimento estável ou essa instalação fixa suportem o pagamento dessas royalties, tais royalties são consideradas provenientes do Estado Contratante em que o estabelecimento estável ou a instalação fixa estiverem situados.
6 -Quando, devido a relações especiais existentes entre o devedor e o beneficiário efectivo das royalties ou entre ambos e qualquer outra pessoa, o montante das royalties pagas, tendo em conta o uso, o direito ou as informações pelos quais são pagas, exceder por qualquer razão o montante que seria acordado entre o devedor e o beneficiário efectivo na ausência de tais relações, as disposições deste artigo são aplicáveis apenas a este último montante. Neste caso, o excesso pode continuar a ser tributado de acordo com a legislação de cada Estado Contratante, tendo em conta as outras disposições desta Convenção.

Artigo 13.º

Mais-valias

1 -Os ganhos que um residente de um Estado Contratante aufira da alienação de bens imobiliários referidos no artigo 6.º e situados no outro Estado Contratante podem ser tributados nesse outro Estado.
2 -Os ganhos provenientes da alienação de bens mobiliários que façam parte do activo de um estabelecimento estável que uma empresa de um Estado Contratante tenha no outro Estado Contratante ou de bens mobiliários afectos a uma instalação fixa de que um residente de um Estado Contratante disponha no outro Estado Contratante para o exercício de uma profissão independente, incluindo os ganhos provenientes da alienação desse estabelecimento estável (isolado ou com o conjunto da empresa) ou dessa instalação fixa, podem ser tributados nesse outro Estado.
3 -Os ganhos provenientes da alienação de navios ou aeronaves utilizados no tráfego internacional ou de bens mobiliários afectos à exploração desses navios ou aeronaves só podem ser tributados no Estado Contratante em que estiver situada a direcção efectiva da empresa.
4 -Adicionalmente aos ganhos tributados de acordo com o disposto nos números anteriores deste artigo, os ganhos auferidos por um residente de um Estado Contratante provenientes da alienação de acções, participações ou outros direitos no capital de uma sociedade ou outra pessoa jurídica residente do outro Estado Contratante podem ser tributados nesse Estado, se o beneficiário dos ganhos detiver durante o período de 12 meses que antecede essa alienação, em qualquer momento, uma participação, directa ou indirectamente, de pelo menos 25% no capital dessa sociedade ou outra pessoa jurídica.
5 -Os ganhos derivados da alienação de acções ou de quaisquer outros direitos de uma sociedade cujo activo consista essencialmente, directa ou indirectamente, em bens imóveis situados num Estado Contratante ou qualquer outro direito relacionado com esses bens imóveis podem ser tributados nesse Estado. Para efeitos deste número, os bens imóveis utilizados por uma sociedade no exercício das suas actividades industriais, comerciais ou agrícolas ou no desempenho de serviços profissionais não serão tidos em consideração.
6 -Os ganhos provenientes da alienação de quaisquer outros bens diferentes dos mencionados nos n.os 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 deste artigo só podem ser tributados no Estado Contratante de que o alienante é residente.

Artigo 14.º

Profissões independentes

1 -Os rendimentos obtidos por um residente de um Estado Contratante pelo exercício de uma profissão liberal ou de outras actividades de carácter independente só podem ser tributados nesse Estado, excepto nas circunstâncias seguintes, em que esses rendimentos podem ser igualmente tributados no outro Estado Contratante:
1. a)Se esse residente dispuser, de forma habitual, no outro Estado Contratante de uma instalação fixa para o exercício das suas actividades, mas apenas na medida em que sejam imputáveis a essa instalação fixa; ou
2. b)Se esse residente, sendo um indivíduo, permanecer no outro Estado Contratante durante um período ou períodos que atinjam ou excedam, no total, 183 dias em qualquer período de 12 meses, com início ou termo no ano civil em causa; nesse caso, os rendimentos podem ser tributados no outro Estado Contratante, mais unicamente na medida em que sejam derivados de actividades desempenhadas nesse outro Estado.
2 -A expressão «profissões liberais» abrange em especial as actividades independentes de carácter científico, literário, artístico, educativo ou pedagógico, bem como as actividades independentes de médicos, advogados, engenheiros, arquitectos, dentistas e contabilistas.

Artigo 15.º

Profissões dependentes

1 -Com ressalva do disposto nos artigos 16.º, 18.º, 19.º, 20.º e 21.º, os salários, vencimentos e outras remunerações similares obtidos de um emprego por um residente de um Estado Contratante só podem ser tributados nesse Estado, a não ser que o emprego seja exercido no outro Estado Contratante. Se o emprego for aí exercido, as remunerações correspondentes podem ser tributadas nesse outro Estado.
2 -Não obstante o disposto no n.º 1, as remunerações obtidas por um residente de um Estado Contratante de um emprego exercido no outro Estado Contratante só podem ser tributadas no Estado primeiramente mencionado, se:
1. a)O beneficiário permanecer no outro Estado durante um período ou períodos que não excedam no total 183 dias em qualquer período de 12 meses com início ou termo no ano fiscal em causa; e
2. b)As remunerações forem pagas por uma entidade patronal ou em nome de uma entidade patronal que não seja residente do outro Estado; e
3. c)As remunerações não forem suportadas por um estabelecimento estável ou por uma instalação fixa que a entidade patronal tenha no outro Estado.
3 -Não obstante as disposições anteriores deste artigo, as remunerações de um emprego exercido a bordo de um navio ou de uma aeronave utilizado no tráfego internacional podem ser tributadas no Estado Contratante em que estiver situada a direcção efectiva da empresa.

Artigo 16.º

Percentagens de membros de conselhos

As percentagens, senhas de presença e remunerações similares obtidas por um residente de um Estado Contratante na qualidade de membro do conselho de direcção, ou, no caso de Portugal, na sua capacidade de membro de um conselho fiscal ou como fiscal único, ou, no caso do México, na qualidade de administrador ou comisario, de uma sociedade residente do outro Estado Contratante podem ser tributadas nesse outro Estado.

Artigo 17.º

Artistas e desportistas

1 -Não obstante o disposto nos artigos 14.º e 15.º, os rendimentos obtidos por um residente de um Estado Contratante na qualidade de profissional de espectáculos, tal como artista de teatro, cinema, rádio ou televisão, ou músico, bem como de desportista, provenientes das suas actividades pessoais exercidas, nessa qualidade, no outro Estado Contratante podem ser tributados nesse outro Estado. Os rendimentos referidos neste número incluem os rendimentos derivados de qualquer actividade pessoal exercida no outro Estado Contratante por esse residente relacionada com a sua reputação de profissional de espectáculos ou de desportista, quando essas actividades tenham uma ligação directa com as suas actividades pessoais exercidas como artista ou desportista.
2 -Não obstante o disposto nos artigos 7.º, 14.º e 15.º, os rendimentos de actividades pessoais exercidas pelos profissionais de espectáculos ou desportistas, nessa qualidade, atribuídos a uma outra pessoa podem ser tributados no Estado Contratante em que são exercidas essas actividades dos profissionais de espectáculos ou dos desportistas.
3 -Não obstante outras disposições desta Convenção, os rendimentos auferidos por um residente de um Estado Contratante pelo desempenho de actividades pessoais independentes, pelo uso directo, pela concessão ou pelo uso por qualquer outra forma de bens conexos com as actividades pessoais exercidas por um profissional de espectáculos ou um desportista, nessa qualidade, serão considerados rendimentos obtidos pelo profissional de espectáculos ou pelo desportista para efeitos deste artigo, a menos que o profissional de espectáculos ou o desportista demonstre que nem ele nem qualquer outra pessoa com ele relacionada participa, directa ou indirectamente, nos rendimentos desse residente de algum modo, incluindo o recebimento de remunerações diferidas, bónus, pagamentos, dividendos ou outras distribuições.
4 -Os n.os 1 e 2 não se aplicam aos rendimentos auferidos por um residente de um Estado Contratante por actividades exercidas no outro Estado Contratante, se a visita ao outro Estado for financiada total ou parcialmente através de fundos públicos do Estado primeiramente mencionado, de uma sua subdivisão política ou administrativa ou de uma autoridade local, ou se essa actividade for exercida ao abrigo de um acordo cultural entre os Governos dos Estados Contratantes. Nesse caso, os rendimentos só serão tributados no Estado Contratante em que residir o profissional de espectáculos ou o desportista.

Artigo 18.º

Pensões

1 -Com ressalva do disposto no n.º 2 do artigo 19.º, as pensões, rendas e outras remunerações similares pagas a um residente de um Estado Contratante em consequência de um emprego anterior só podem ser tributadas nesse Estado.
2 -O termo «renda» significa uma quantia fixa pagável periodicamente, em datas estabelecidas, durante a vida ou durante um prazo determinado ou determinável, em cumprimento de uma obrigação de realizar pagamentos resultante de entrega adequada de dinheiro ou de valores pecuniários.

Artigo 19.º

Remunerações públicas

1 -a) Os salários, vencimentos e outras remunerações similares, excluindo as pensões, pagos por um Estado Contratante, uma sua subdivisão política ou administrativa ou autarquia local a uma pessoa singular, em consequência de serviços prestados a esse Estado ou a essa subdivisão ou autarquia, só podem ser tributados nesse Estado.
1. b)Os salários, vencimentos e outras remunerações similares só podem, contudo, ser tributados no outro Estado Contratante se os serviços forem prestados nesse Estado e se a pessoa singular for um residente desse Estado que:
  1. i)Seja seu nacional; ou
  2. ii)Que não se tornou seu residente unicamente para o efeito de prestar os ditos serviços.
2 -a) As pensões pagas por um Estado Contratante, uma sua subdivisão política ou administrativa ou autarquia local, quer directamente, quer através de fundos por eles constituídos, a uma pessoa singular, em consequência de serviços prestados a esse Estado ou a essa subdivisão ou autarquia, só podem ser tributados nesse Estado.
1. b)Estas pensões só podem, contudo, ser tributadas no outro Estado Contratante, se a pessoa singular for um residente e um nacional desse Estado.
3 -O disposto nos artigos 15.º, 16.º, 17.º e 18.º aplica-se aos salários, vencimentos e outras remunerações similares, e às pensões, pagos em consequência de serviços prestados em ligação com uma actividade comercial ou industrial exercida por um Estado Contratante, uma sua subdivisão política ou administrativa ou autarquia local.

Artigo 20.º

Professores e investigadores

1 -Uma pessoa que é residente de um Estado Contratante imediatamente antes de se deslocar ao outro Estado Contratante, a convite do Governo desse outro Estado ou de uma universidade ou de outra instituição de ensino reconhecida ou de uma reconhecida instituição de investigação científica pertencentes a esse outro Estado, ou ao abrigo de um programa oficial de intercâmbio cultural, para visitar esse outro Estado com vista unicamente a ensinar ou a fazer investigação em tal universidade ou instituição educativa, fica isenta de impostos em ambos os Estados Contratantes pelas remunerações recebidas em consequência dessa actividade, durante um período que não exceda dois anos desde a data da sua chegada ao outro Estado.
2 -Este artigo não se aplica às remunerações devidas pela investigação efectuada, se a investigação for levada a efeito não no interesse público mas, fundamentalmente, para o benefício privado de uma determinada pessoa ou pessoas.

Artigo 21.º

Estudantes e estagiários

As importâncias que um estudante ou um estagiário que é ou foi imediatamente antes de visitar um Estado Contratante residente do outro Estado Contratante e que permanece no primeiro Estado com o único fim de aí prosseguir os seus estudos ou a sua formação profissional recebe para fazer face às despesas com a sua manutenção, estudos ou formação profissional não são tributadas nesse Estado, desde que provenham de fontes situadas fora dele.

Artigo 22.º

Outros rendimentos

1 -Os elementos do rendimento de um residente de um Estado Contratante, independentemente da sua proveniência, não tratados nos artigos anteriores desta Convenção só podem ser tributados nesse Estado.
2 -O disposto no n.º 1 não se aplica ao rendimento, que não seja rendimento de bens imobiliários como são definidos no n.º 2 do artigo 6.º, auferido por um residente de um Estado Contratante que exerce no outro Estado Contratante uma actividade industrial ou comercial, por meio de um estabelecimento estável nele situado, ou que exerce nesse outro Estado uma profissão independente, através de uma instalação fixa nele situada, estando o direito ou a propriedade em relação com o qual o rendimento é pago efectivamente ligado a esse estabelecimento estável ou instalação fixa. Nesse caso, são aplicáveis as disposições do artigo 7.º ou do artigo 14.º, consoante o caso.
3 -Não obstante o disposto nos n.os 1 e 2, os elementos do rendimento de um residente de um Estado Contratante não tratados nos artigos anteriores desta Convenção e provenientes do outro Estado Contratante podem ser tributados nesse outro Estado.

Artigo 23.º

Eliminação da dupla tributação

1 -Nos termos das disposições e sujeito às limitações da legislação do México, com as alterações que lhe venham a ser introduzidas e que não afectem o princípio geral aqui expresso, o México concederá aos seus residentes a dedução no imposto mexicano:
1. a)Do imposto português pago sobre os rendimentos obtidos em Portugal, numa importância não superior ao imposto pagável no México sobre esses rendimentos; e
2. b)No caso de uma sociedade que detenha pelo menos 10% do capital de uma sociedade residente em Portugal e da qual a sociedade primeiramente mencionada receba dividendos, do imposto português pago pela sociedade distribuidora incidente sobre os lucros a partir dos quais os dividendos são pagos.
2 -No caso de Portugal, a dupla tributação será eliminada do seguinte modo:
1. a)Quando um residente de Portugal obtiver rendimentos que, de acordo com o disposto nesta Convenção, possam ser tributados no México, Portugal deduzirá do imposto sobre o rendimento desse residente uma importância igual ao imposto sobre o rendimento pago no México.
  A importância deduzida não poderá, contudo, exceder a fracção do imposto sobre o rendimento, calculado antes da dedução correspondente aos rendimentos que podem ser tributados em Portugal;
2. b)Quando, de acordo com o disposto nesta Convenção, o rendimento obtido por um residente de Portugal estiver isento de imposto neste Estado, Portugal poderá, não obstante, ao calcular o quantitativo do imposto sobre os restantes rendimentos desse residente, ter em conta o rendimento isento;
3. c)No caso de uma sociedade portuguesa que receba dividendos de uma sociedade mexicana sujeita a imposto e não isenta, em cujo capital detenha directamente uma participação de, pelo menos, 25%, Portugal permitirá uma dedução de 95% desses dividendos incluídos na base tributável, desde que essa participação tenha sido desde a data da constituição da sociedade portuguesa, se tal tiver ocorrido posteriormente, mas, em qualquer dos casos, só se a participação tiver sido detida continuadamente durante aquele período.

Artigo 24.º

Não discriminação

1 -Os nacionais de um Estado Contratante não ficarão sujeitos no outro Estado Contratante a nenhuma tributação ou obrigação com ela conexa diferente ou mais gravosa do que aquelas a que estejam ou possam estar sujeitos os nacionais desse outro Estado que se encontrem na mesma situação, em especial no que se refere à residência. Não obstante o estabelecido no artigo 1.º, esta disposição aplicar-se-á também às pessoas que não são residentes de um ou de ambos os Estados Contratantes.
2 -A tributação de um estabelecimento estável que uma empresa de um Estado Contratante tenha no outro Estado Contratante não será nesse outro Estado menos favorável do que a das empresas desse outro Estado que exerçam as mesmas actividades. Esta disposição não poderá ser interpretada no sentido de obrigar um Estado Contratante a conceder aos residentes do outro Estado Contratante as deduções pessoais, abatimentos e reduções para efeitos fiscais atribuídos em função do estado civil ou encargos familiares concedidos aos seus próprios residentes.
3 -Salvo se for aplicável o disposto no n.º 1 do artigo 9.º, no n.º 7 do artigo 11.º ou no n.º 6 do artigo 12.º, os juros, royalties ou outras importâncias pagas por uma empresa de um Estado Contratante a um residente do outro Estado Contratante serão dedutíveis, para efeitos da determinação do lucro tributável de tal empresa, como se fossem pagos a um residente do Estado primeiramente mencionado.
4 -As empresas de um Estado Contratante cujo capital, total ou parcialmente, directa ou indirectamente, seja possuído ou controlado por um ou mais residentes do outro Estado Contratante não ficarão sujeitas, no Estado primeiramente mencionado, a nenhuma tributação ou obrigação com ela conexa diferentes ou mais gravosas do que aquelas a que estejam ou possam estar sujeitas as empresas similares desse primeiro Estado.
5 -Não obstante o disposto no artigo 2.º, as disposições do presente artigo aplicar-se-ão aos impostos de qualquer natureza ou denominação.

Artigo 25.º

Procedimento amigável

1 -Quando uma pessoa considerar que as medidas tomadas por um ou por ambos os Estados Contratantes conduzem ou poderão conduzir, em relação a si, a uma tributação não conforme com o disposto nesta Convenção, poderá, independentemente dos recursos estabelecidos pela legislação nacional desses Estados, submeter o seu caso à autoridade competente do Estado Contratante de que é residente ou, se o seu caso está contemplado no n.º 1 do artigo 24.º, à do Estado Contratante de que é nacional. O caso deverá ser apresentado dentro de três anos a contar da data da primeira comunicação da medida que der origem à tributação não conforme com o disposto na presente Convenção.
2 -Essa autoridade competente, se a reclamação se lhe afigurar fundada e não estiver em condições de lhe dar uma solução satisfatória, esforçar-se-á por resolver a questão através de acordo amigável com a autoridade competente do outro Estado Contratante, a fim de evitar a tributação não conforme com o disposto na presente Convenção.
3 -As autoridades competentes dos Estados Contratantes esforçar-se-ão por resolver, através de acordo amigável, as dificuldades ou as dúvidas a que possa dar lugar a interpretação ou a aplicação da Convenção.
4 -As autoridades competentes dos Estados Contratantes poderão comunicar directamente entre si, inclusivamente através de uma comissão mista constituída por essas autoridades ou pelos seus representantes, a fim de chegarem a acordo nos termos indicados nos números anteriores.
5 -Não obstante qualquer outro tratado, acordo ou convenção de que os Estados Contratantes sejam partes, qualquer questão fiscal entre os Estados Contratantes, incluindo um diferendo sobre a aplicabilidade desta Convenção, será resolvida nos termos deste artigo, a menos que as autoridades competentes acordem de outro modo.

Artigo 26.º

Troca de informações

1 -As autoridades competentes dos Estados Contratantes trocarão entre si as informações necessárias para aplicar as disposições desta Convenção ou das leis internas dos Estados Contratantes relativas aos impostos abrangidos por esta Convenção, na medida em que a tributação nelas prevista não seja contrária a esta Convenção. A troca de informações não é restringida pelo disposto no artigo 1.º As informações obtidas por um Estado Contratante serão consideradas secretas do mesmo modo que as informações obtidas com base na legislação interna desse Estado e só poderão ser comunicadas às pessoas ou autoridades (incluindo tribunais e autoridades administrativas) encarregadas do lançamento ou cobrança dos impostos abrangidos por esta Convenção, ou dos procedimentos declarativos ou executivos relativos a estes impostos, ou da decisão de recursos referentes a estes impostos. Essas pessoas ou autoridades utilizarão as informações assim obtidas apenas para os fins referidos. Essas informações poderão ser divulgadas no caso de audiências públicas de tribunais ou de sentenças judiciais.
2 -O disposto no n.º 1 nunca poderá ser interpretado no sentido de impor a um Estado Contratante a obrigação:
1. a)De tomar medidas administrativas contrárias à sua legislação e à sua prática administrativa ou às do outro Estado Contratante;
2. b)De fornecer informações que não possam ser obtidas com base na sua legislação ou no âmbito da sua prática administrativa normal ou das do outro Estado Contratante;
3. c)De transmitir informações reveladoras de segredos comerciais, industriais ou profissionais, ou processos comerciais, ou informações cuja comunicação seja contrária à ordem pública.

Artigo 27.º

Membros de missões diplomáticas e postos consulares

O disposto na presente Convenção não prejudicará os privilégios fiscais de que beneficiem os membros de missões diplomáticas ou de postos consulares em virtude das regras gerais do direito internacional ou de disposições de acordos especiais.

Artigo 28.º

Entrada em vigor

1 -Os Estados Contratantes comunicarão um ao outro por escrito, através dos canais diplomáticos, o cumprimento das formalidades exigidas pelas respectivas legislações relativas à entrada em vigor da presente Convenção. A Convenção entrará em vigor na data de recepção da última comunicação.
2 -A Convenção entrará em vigor na data da última das notificações referidas no n.º 1 e as suas disposições serão aplicáveis:
1. a)Quanto aos impostos retidos na fonte, aos impostos cujo facto gerador surja em ou depois de 1 de Janeiro do ano imediatamente seguinte ao da entrada em vigor da Convenção;
2. b)Quanto aos demais impostos, ao rendimento auferido no ano fiscal com início em ou depois de 1 de Janeiro do ano imediatamente seguinte ao ano da entrada em vigor da Convenção.

Artigo 29.º

Denúncia

A presente Convenção permanecerá em vigor enquanto não for denunciada por um dos Estados Contratantes. Qualquer Estado Contratante pode denunciar a Convenção por via diplomática, mediante um aviso prévio mínimo de seis meses antes do fim de qualquer ano civil posterior ao termo do período de cinco anos a contar da data da entrada em vigor da Convenção. Nesse caso, a Convenção deixará de se aplicar:

a)Quanto aos impostos retidos na fonte, aos impostos cujo facto gerador surja em ou depois de 1 de Janeiro do ano civil imediatamente seguinte àquele em que o período especificado no referido aviso de denúncia expira;
b)Quanto aos demais impostos, ao rendimento auferido em ou depois de 1 de Janeiro do ano civil imediatamente seguinte à data em que o período especificado no referido aviso de denúncia expira.
Em testemunho do qual, os signatários, devidamente autorizados para o efeito, assinaram a presente Convenção.
Feito em duplicado, na Cidade do México, em 11 de Novembro de 1999, nas línguas portuguesa, espanhola e inglesa, sendo todos os textos igualmente válidos. Em caso de divergência de interpretação, o texto inglês prevalecerá.
Pela República Portuguesa:
(ver documento original)
Pelos Estados Unidos Mexicanos:
(ver documento original)
PROTOCOLO
Ad artigo 2.º
a)Entende-se que, no caso do México, o disposto no artigo 2.º não se aplica aos impostos sobre o rendimento exigidos pelas suas subdivisões políticas ou autoridades legais.
b)Se o México introduzir impostos sobre o rendimento exigidos pelas suas subdivisões políticas ou autoridades locais, o México notificará as autoridades competentes de Portugal atempadamente e Portugal poderá solicitar a sua discussão com o objectivo de restabelecer o equilíbrio dos benefícios da Convenção, se necessário.
Ad artigo 4.º
Entende-se que, não obstante o disposto nesta Convenção, as reduções ou as isenções fiscais previstas nos artigos 8.º, 11.º, 12.º e 13.º desta Convenção não se aplicarão a qualquer pessoa que seja residente de um Estado Contratante e que, ao abrigo da legislação desse Estado, tenha direito a benefícios fiscais no âmbito do imposto sobre o rendimento, relativamente a rendimento com fonte no estrangeiro. Contudo, essa pessoa poderá ficar sujeita a imposto no outro Estado Contratante a uma taxa que não exceda 30% do montante bruto das royalties, juros ou mais-valias, desde que seja o beneficiário efectivo dessas royalties, juros ou mais-valias, seja uma sociedade residente do primeiro Estado Contratante, cujo capital seja detido, directa ou indirectamente, em mais de 70% por accionistas residentes desse Estado e não mais de 20% do seu rendimento bruto consista em rendimentos passivos, incluindo dividendos, juros, royalties ou mais-valias.
Ad artigo 7.º
No que respeita ao n.º 3, entende-se que essas deduções não serão concedidas relativamente às importâncias, se as houver, pagas (excepto como reembolso de despesas efectivamente suportadas) pelo estabelecimento estável à sede da empresa ou a qualquer um dos seus outros escritórios, a título de royalties, honorários ou outros pagamentos similares, como retribuição pela utilização de patentes ou de outros direitos ou como comissão por serviços específicos prestados ou por gestão, ou, salvo no caso de um estabelecimento bancário, como juros por empréstimos concedidos ao estabelecimento estável. De igual modo, na determinação do lucro de um estabelecimento estável, não serão tidas em consideração as importâncias cobradas (salvo como reembolso de despesas efectivamente suportadas) pelo estabelecimento estável à sede da empresa ou a qualquer um dos seus outros escritórios, a título de royalties, honorários ou outros pagamentos similares, como retribuição pela utilização de patentes ou de outros direitos ou como comissão por serviços específicos prestados ou por gestão, ou, salvo no caso de um estabelecimento bancário, como juros por empréstimos concedidos à sede da empresa ou a qualquer um dos seus outros escritórios.
Ad artigo 8.º
Entende-se que, para efeitos deste artigo, os lucros derivados da exploração de navios ou aeronaves no tráfego internacional incluem os lucros derivados da locação de navios ou aeronaves numa base integral (tempo ou viagem). Incluem, igualmente, os lucros provenientes da locação de navios ou aeronaves numa base de casco nu, se tais lucros forem acessórios dos lucros mencionados no n.º 1.
Ad artigo 10.º
Embora o imposto sobre as sucessões e doações por avença exigido por Portugal seja de facto um imposto sobre as sucessões e doações e não um imposto sobre o rendimento, fica acordado que se houver um aumento da taxa em vigor à data da assinatura desta Convenção tal aumento não será aplicável aos dividendos cujos beneficiários efectivos sejam residentes do México. Entende-se que as acções que tenham sido sujeitas a imposto sobre as sucessões e doações por avença não ficam sujeitas a imposto em Portugal no momento da sua transmissão por morte ou doação.
Ad artigo 10.º, n.º 3
Entende-se que o termo «dividendos» também inclui os lucros atribuídos ao abrigo de um acordo de associação em participação.
Ad artigo 11.º, n.º 6
Para efeitos do disposto na segunda parte do n.º 6 do artigo 11.º se o empréstimo for contraído pela sede da sociedade e o montante em questão afectar vários estabelecimentos estáveis ou instalações fixas situados em países diferentes, considerar-se-á que os juros têm origem no Estado Contratante em que o estabelecimento estável ou a instalação fixa estiver situado, mas apenas na medida em que sejam suportados por esse estabelecimento estável ou instalação fixa.
Ad artigos 11.º e 12.º
As disposições dos n.os 2 e 3 do artigo 11.º e do n.º 2 do artigo 12.º não se aplicam se o empréstimo relativamente ao qual os juros são pagos ou o contrato que der origem ao pagamento das royalties tiver sido celebrado com o objectivo principal de beneficiar daquelas disposições e não por razões económicas válidas.
Se um Estado Contratante resolver negar o benefício da aplicação das disposições mencionadas a um residente do outro Estado Contratante, as autoridades competentes do Estado Contratante primeiramente mencionado deverão chegar a acordo com as autoridades competentes do outro Estado.
Ad artigo 12.º, n.º 3
Para efeitos deste número, o termo royalties também inclui a recepção ou o direito a receber, bem como o uso ou a concessão do uso em conexão com a televisão ou a rádio, imagens visuais, sons ou ambos, transmitidos ao público quer por satélite, cabo ou fibra óptica quer por tecnologia similar.
Ad artigo 12.º, n.º 5
Para efeitos do disposto na segunda parte do n.º 5 do artigo 12.º, quando a obrigação de pagar as royalties for contraída pela sede da empresa e o direito ou bem pelo qual forem pagas esteja efectivamente conexo com os vários estabelecimentos estáveis ou instalações fixas situados em países diferentes, então as royalties considerar-se-ão com origem no Estado Contratante em que o estabelecimento estável ou a instalação fixa se situe, mas apenas na medida em que o pagamento das royalties for suportado por esse estabelecimento estável ou instalação fixa.
Ad artigo 17.º
Entende-se que o n.º 3 do artigo 17.º visa aplicar-se aos casos em que um artista ou um desportista residente de um Estado Contratante obtém rendimentos derivados das suas actividades pessoais, indirectamente, através de outra pessoa, enquadráveis noutra categoria de rendimentos.
Esses rendimentos ficarão sujeitos ao regime deste artigo, uma vez que se encontram intimamente relacionados com as suas actividades pessoais, como tais, no outro Estado Contratante.
Ad artigo 23.º, n.º 2, alínea c)
Não obstante esta disposição, se, de futuro, Portugal alterar a sua legislação interna e adoptar um método diferente para a eliminação da dupla tributação económica, esse novo método será aplicado para efeitos desta Convenção.
Ad artigo 24.º
Entende-se que o disposto no n.º 3 não será interpretado no sentido de impedir a aplicação por um Estado Contratante das disposições relativas à subcapitalização constantes da sua legislação interna, excepto naqueles casos em que as sociedades associadas possam provar que, devido às características especiais das suas actividades ou às suas circunstâncias económicas específicas, as condições estabelecidas ou fixadas entre estas empresas estão em conformidade com o princípio da livre concorrência.
Ad artigo 26.º
Entende-se que as autoridades competentes podem utilizar a informação trocada ao abrigo do artigo 26.º para a liquidação dos impostos sobre o rendimento para efeitos do imposto sobre o valor acrescentado.
Em testemunho do qual os abaixo assinados, devidamente autorizados para o efeito, assinaram este Protocolo.
Feito em duplicado, na Cidade do México, em 11 de Novembro de 1999, nas línguas portuguesa, espanhola e inglesa, sendo todos os textos igualmente válidos. Em caso de divergência de interpretação, o texto inglês prevalecerá.
Pela República Portuguesa:
(ver documento original)
Pelos Estados Unidos Mexicanos:
(ver documento original)
(ver texto em língua espanhola no documento original)
CONVENTION BETWEEN THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC AND THE UNITED MEXICAN STATES FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME.
The Portuguese Republic and the United Mexican States, desiring to conclude a Convention for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income, which shall hereafter be referred to as the «Convention», have agreed as follows:
Article 1
Personal scope
This Convention shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.
Article 2
Taxes covered
1 -This Convention shall apply to taxes on income imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its political or administrative subdivisions or local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied, in accordance with this article.
2 -There shall be regarded as taxes on income all taxes imposed on total income or on elements of income, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property, taxes on the total amounts of wages or salaries paid by enterprises, as well as taxes on capital appreciation.
3 -The existing taxes to which the Convention shall apply are in particular:
1. a)In the case of Portugal:
  1. i)The personal income tax (imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas singulares - IRS);
  2. ii)The corporate income tax (imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas colectivas - IRC); and
  3. iii)The local surtax on corporate income tax (derrama);
    (hereinafter referred to as «Portuguese tax»);
2. b)In the case of Mexico:
  The income tax (impuesto sobre la renta);
  (hereinafter referred to as «Mexican tax»).
4 -The Convention shall apply also to any identical or substantially similar taxes which are imposed after the date of signature of the Convention in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any substantial changes which have been made in their respective taxation laws.
Article 3
General definitions
1 -For the purposes of this Convention, unless the context otherwise requires:
1. a)The term «Portugal» means the territory of the Portuguese Republic situated in the European Continent, the archipelagos of Azores and Madeira, the respective territorial sea and any other zone in which according to Portuguese and International Law, the Portuguese Republic has sovereign rights or jurisdiction for the purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the natural resources, whether living or non living, of the waters superjacent to the seabed and of the seabed and its subsoil;
2. b)The term «Mexico» means the United Mexican States; when used in a geographical sense it includes the territory of the United Mexican States; as well as the integrated parts of the Federation; the islands, including the reefs and cays in the adjacent waters; the islands of Guadalupe and Revillagigedo; the continental shelf and the seabed and subsoil of the islands, cays and reefs; the waters of the territorial seas and the inland waters and beyond them the areas over which, in accordance with the international law, Mexico may exercise its sovereign rights of exploration and exploitation of the natural resources of the seabed, subsoil and the superjacent waters; and the air space of the national territory to the extent and conditions established by international law;
3. c)The terms «a Contracting State» and «the other Contracting State» mean Portugal or Mexico, as the context requires;
4. d)The term «person» includes an individual, a company and any other body of persons;
5. e)The term «company» means any body corporate or any entity which is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;
6. f)The terms «enterprise of a Contracting State» and «enterprise of the other Contracting State» mean respectively an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the Contacting State;
7. g)The term «international traffic» means any transport by a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise which has its place of effective management in a Contracting State, except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State;
8. h)The term «competent authority» means:
  1. i)In the case of Portugal, the Minister of Finance, the director general of Taxation (director-geral dos Impostos) or their authorised representatives;
  2. ii)In the case of Mexico, the Minister of Finance and Public Credit;
9. i)The term «national» means:
  1. i)Any individual possessing the nationality of a Contracting State;
  2. ii)Any legal person, association or other entity deriving its status as such from the laws in force in a Contracting State.
2 -As regards the application of the Convention at any time by a Contracting State, any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning that it has at that time under the law of that State for the purposes of the taxes to which the Convention applies, any meaning under the applicable tax laws of that State prevailing over a meaning given to the term under other laws of that State.
Article 4
Resident
1 -For the purposes of this Convention, the term «resident of a Contracting State» means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management, place of incorporation or any other criterion of a similar nature, and also includes that State and any political or administrative subdivision or local authority thereof. This term, however, does not include any person who is liable to tax in that State in respect only of income from sources in that State.
2 -Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows:
1. a)He shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interest);
2. b)If the State in which he has his centre of vital interest cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which he has an habitual abode;
3. c)If he has an habitual abode in both States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State of which he is a national;
4. d)If he is a national of both States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.
3 -Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then it shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which its place of effective management is situated.
Article 5
Permanent establishment
1 -For the purposes of this Convention, the term «permanent establishment» means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.
2 -The term «permanent establishment» includes especially:
1. a)A place of management;
2. b)A branch;
3. c)An office;
4. d)A factory;
5. e)A workshop; and
6. f)A mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources.
3 -A building site, a construction, assembly or installation project or supervisory activities in connection therewith constitutes a permanent establishment only if it lasts more than 9 months.
4 -Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this article, the term «permanent establishment» shall be deemed not to include:
1. a)The use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise;
2. b)The maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery;
3. c)The maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise;
4. d)The maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information, for the enterprise;
5. e)The maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of advertising, supplying information, scientific research or for preparation in relation to the placement of loans, or for similar activities which have a preparatory or auxiliary character for the enterprise as long as the enterprise doesn't receive any income from the carrying on of these activities;
6. f)The maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in subparagraphs a) to e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.
5 -Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person - other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 7 applies - is acting on behalf of an enterprise and has, and habitually exercise, in a Contracting State an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in that State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise; unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph.
6 -Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions or this article, an insurance enterprise of a Contracting State shall, except in regard to reinsurance, be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State if it collects premiums in that other State or insures risks situated therein through a person other than an agent of independent status to whom paragraph 7 applies.
7 -An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business and that in their commercial or financial relations with the enterprise, conditions are not made or imposed that differ from those generally agreed to by independent agents.
8 -The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.
Article 6
Income from immovable property
1 -Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -The term «immovable property» shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property, livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable of fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources; ships and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property.
3 -The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable property.
4 -The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services.
5 -The foregoing provisions shall also applly to income from movable property or from services connected with the use or the right to use immovable property, which, under the taxation law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated, is assimilated to income from immovable property.
Article 7
Business profits
1 -The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other State but only so much of them as is attributable to:
1. a)That permanent establishment;
2. b)Sales in that other State of goods or merchandise of the same or similar kind as the goods or merchandise sold through that permanent establishment.
  However, the profits derived from the sales described in the subparagraph b) shall not be taxable in the other Contracting State if the enterprise demonstrates that such sales have no connection with the permanent establishment and have been carried out for reasons other than obtaining a benefit under this Convention.
2 -Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment.
3 -In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the permanent establishment, including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere.
4 -Insofar as it as been customary in a Contracting State to determine the profits to be attributed to a permanent establishment on the basis of an apportionment of the total profits of the enterprise to its various parts, nothing in paragraph 2 of this article shall preclude that Contracting State from determining the profits to be taxed by such an apportionment as may be customary; the method of apportionment adopted shall, however, be such that the result shall be in accordance with the principles contained in this article.
5 -No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.
6 -For the purpose of the preceding paragraphs, the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good an sufficient reason to the contrary.
7 -Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separatly in other articles of this Convention, then the provisions of those articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this article.
Article 8
Shipping and air transport
1 -Profits from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
2 -If the place of effective management of a shipping enterprise is aboard a ship, then it shall be deemed to be situated in the Contracting State in which the home harbour of the ship is situated, or, if there is no such home harbour, in the Contracting State of which the ship is a resident.
3 -The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a joint business or an international operating agency.
4 -Whenever companies from different countries have agreed to carry on an air transportation business together in the form of a consortium, the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall apply to such part of the profits of the consortium as corresponds to the participation held in that consortium by a company that is a resident of a Contracting State.
Article 9
Associated enterprises
1 -Where:
1. a)An enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State; or
2. b)The same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State;
and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.
2 -Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that State - and taxes accordingly - profits on which an enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other State and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first-mentioned State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises, than that other State shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of the tax charged therein on those profits where that other State considers the adjustment justified. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Convention and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall if necessary consult each other.
Article 10
Dividends
1 -Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -However, such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 10% of the gross amount of the dividends.
This paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.
3 -The term «dividends» as used in this article means income from shares, «jouissance» shares or «jouissance» rights, mining shares, founder's shares or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident.
4 -The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial, owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
5 -Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other State, nor subject the company's undistributed profits to a tax on the company's undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other State.
Article 11
Interest
1 -Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -However, such interest may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the interest is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 10% of the gross amount of the interest.
3 -Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, interest arising in a Contracting State shall be exempted from tax in that State:
1. a)If the debtor or the beneficiary of such interest is that State, a political or administrative subdivision, or a local authority thereof or the central bank; or
2. b)The interest is paid in respect of a loan granted for a period of three years or more, or guaranteed, by a financial or credit institution of a public character with the objective to promote exportation or development by means of granting credits or guarantees under preferential conditions.
4 -The term «interest» as used in this article means income from debt-claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor's profits, and in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures, as well as all other income that is treated as income from money lent by the taxation law of the Contracting State in which the income arises.
5 -The provisions of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
6 -Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
7 -Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt-claim for which it is paid, exceeds, for whatever reason, the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.
Article 12
Royalties
1 -Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -However, such royalties may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise, and according to the laws of that State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the royalties the tax so charged shall not exceed 10% of the gross amount of the royalties.
3 -The term «royalties» as used in this article means payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work (including cinematograph films, video recordings, and films or tapes for radio or television broadcasting), any patent, trade mark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or for the use of, or the right to use, industrial, commercial, or scientific equipment, or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience. The term «royalties» also includes gains derived from the use of such right or property in the case of an alienation of such right or property to the extent that such gains are contingent on the productivity, use or disposition thereof.
4 -The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
5 -Royalties shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State where the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the obligation to pay the royalties was incurred, and such royalties are borne by that permanent establishment or fixed base, then such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
6 -Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties paid, having regard to the use, right or information for which they are paid, exceeds, for whatever reason, the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.
Article 13
Capital gains
1 -Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise) or of such fixed base, may be taxed in that other State.
3 -Gains from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic, or movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
4 -In addition to gains taxable in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraphs of this article, gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of stock, participation, or other rights in the capital of a company or other legal person which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State if the recipient of the gain, held during the period of twelve months preceding such alienation, at any time, a participation directly or indirectly, of at least 25% in the capital of that company or other legal person.
5 -Gains from the alienation of shares or other rights of a company which assets consist principally, directly or indirectly, of immovable property situated in a Contracting State or any other right pertaining to such immovable property, may be taxed in that State. For the purposes of this paragraph immovable property used by a company in its industrial, commercial or agricultural activities or in the conduct of professional services shall not be taken into account.
6 -Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident.
Article 14
Independent personal services
1 -Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of professional services or other activities of an independent character shall be taxable only in that State except in the following circumstances, when such income may also be taxed in the other Contracting State:
1. a)Where the resident has a fixed base regularly available to him in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing his activities but only so much of the income as is attributable to that fixed base; or
2. b)Where the resident, being an individual, is present in the other Contracting State for a period or periods amounting to or exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any twelve-month period commencing or ending in the fiscal year concerned; in that case only so much of the income as is derived from his activities performed in that other State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -The term «professional services» includes especially independent scientific, literary, artistic, educational or teaching activities as well as the independent activities of physicians, lawyers, engineers, architects, dentists and accountants.
Article 15
Dependent personal services
1 -Subject to the provisions of articles 16, 18, 19, 20 and 21, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State.
2 -Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if:
1. a)The recipient is present in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any twelve-month period commencing or ending in the fiscal year concerned; and
2. b)The remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other State; and
3. c)The remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the employer has in the other State.
3 -Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this article, remuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated in international traffic, may be taxed in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
Article 16
Directors' fees
Directors' fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors or, in the case of Portugal, in his capacity as a member of a «conselho fiscal» or as a «fiscal único» or, in the case of Mexico, in his capacity of «administrador» or «comisario», of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
Article 17
Artistes and sportspersons
1 -Notwithstanding the provisions of articles 14 and 15, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as a sportsperson, from his personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State. Income referred to in this paragraph shall include income derived from any personal activities performed in the other Contracting State by such resident relating to his reputation as an entertainer or sportsperson, where such activities have a direct link with his personal activities as an artist or a sportsperson.
2 -Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or a sportsperson in his capacity as such accrues not to the entertainer or sportsperson himself but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of articles 7, 14 and 15, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or sportsperson are exercised.
3 -Notwithstanding other provisions of the Convention, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the performance of independent personal services, the direct use, letting or use in any other form of goods, connected to the personal activities exercised by an entertainer or a sportsperson in his capacity as such shall be considered as income derived by the entertainer or sportsperson for the purposes of this article, unless the entertainer or sportsperson demonstrates that he nor person related thereto participates directly or indirectly in the income of that resident in any manner, including the receipt of deferred remuneration, bonnuses, fees, dividends or other distributions.
4 -Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from activities exercised in the other Contracting State if the visit to that other State is supported wholly or mainly by public funds of the first-mentioned State, a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof, or takes place under a cultural agreement or arrangement between the Governments of the Contracting States. In such a case, the income shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the entertainer or sportsperson is a resident.
Article 18
Pensions
1 -Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 19, pensions, annuities and other similar remuneration paid to a resident of a Contracting State in consideration of past employment shall be taxable only in that State.
2 -The term «annuity» means a stated sum payable periodically at stated times during life or during a specified or ascertainable period of time under a commitment with an obligation to make the payments in return for adequate and full consideration in money or money's worth.
Article 19
Government service
1 -a) Salaries, wages and other similar remuneration, other than a pension, paid by a Contracting State, a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State.
1. b)However, such salaries, wages and other similar remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that State and the individual is a resident of that State who:
  1. i)Is a national of that State; or
  2. ii)Did not become a resident of that State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.
2 -a) Any pension paid by, or out of funds created by, a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State.
1. b)However, such pension shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of, that State.
3 -The provisions of articles 15, 16, 17 and 18 shall apply to salaries, wages and other similar remuneration, and to pensions, in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof.
Article 20
Teachers and researchers
1 -An individual who is a resident of a Contracting State immediately before visiting the other Contracting State and who, at the invitation of the Government of the other Contracting State or of a university or other accredited educational institution or recognized scientific research institution of that other Contracting State, or under an official program of cultural exchange, visits that other State solely for the purpose of teaching or carrying out research at such a university or educational institution shall be exempt from tax in the other Contracting State on his remuneration from such activity for a period not exceeding two years from the date of his arrival in the other State.
2 -This article shall not apply to income from research if such research is undertaken not in the public interest but primarily for the private benefit of a specific person or persons.
Article 21
Students and trainees
Payments which a student or trainee who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first-mentioned State solely for the purpose of his education or training receives for the purpose of his maintenance, education or training shall not be taxed in that State, provided that such payments arise from sources outside that State.
Article 22
Other income
1 -Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing articles of this Convention shall be taxable only in that State.
2 -The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of article 6, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
3 -Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, items of income of a resident of a Contracting State not dealt with in the foregoing articles of this Convention and arising in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
Article 23
Elimination of double taxation
1 -In accordance with the provisions and subject to the limitations of the laws of Mexico, as may be amended from time to time without changing the general principle hereof, Mexico shall allow its residents as a credit against the Mexican tax:
1. a)The Portuguese tax paid on income arising in Portugal, in an amount not exceeding the tax payable in Mexico on such income; and
2. b)In the case of a company owning at least 10% of the capital of a company which is a resident of Portugal and from which the first-mentioned company receives dividends, the Portuguese tax paid by the distributing company with respect to the profits out of which the dividends are paid.
2 -In the case of Portugal, double taxation shall be avoided as follows:
1. a)Where a resident of Portugal derives income which, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, may be taxed in Mexico, Portugal shall allow as a deduction from the tax on the income of that resident an amount equal to the income tax paid in Mexico.
  Such deduction shall not, however, exceed that part of the income tax, as computed before the deduction is given, which is attributable to the income which may be taxed in Portugal;
2. b)Where in accordance with any provisions of the Convention income derived by a resident of Portugal is exempt from tax in this State, Portugal may nevertheless, in calculating the amount of tax on the remaining income of such resident, take into account the exempted income;
3. c)In the case of a Portuguese company that receives dividends from a Mexican company subject to tax and not exempt the capital of which it holds directly a participation of at least 25%, Portugal shall allow a deduction for 95% of such dividends included in the tax base, provided that such participation was held for the preceding two years, or from the date of the organization of the Portuguese company if that occurred later, but in either case only if the participation was held continuously throughout that period.
  Article 24
  Non-discrimination
1 -Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other State in the same circumstances, in particular with respect to residence, are or may be subjected. This provision shall, notwithstanding the provisions of article 1, also apply to persons who are not residents of one or both of the Contracting States.
2 -The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favourably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other State carrying on the same activities. This provision shall not be construed as obliging a Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal allowances, reliefs and reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family responsibilities which it grants to its own residents.
3 -Except where the provisions of paragraph 1 of article 9, paragraph 7 of article 11, or paragraph 6 of article 12, apply, interest, royalties and other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State.
4 -Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first-mentioned State are or may be subjected.
5 -The provisions of this article shall, notwithstanding the provisions of article 2, apply to taxes of every kind and description.
Article 25
Mutual agreement procedure
1 -Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident or, if his case comes under paragraph 1 of article 24, to that of the Contracting State of which he is a national. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Convention.
2 -The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the Convention.
3 -The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Convention.
4 -The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly, including through a joint commission consisting of themselves or their representatives, for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs.
5 -Notwithstanding any other treaty, agreement or convention to which the Contracting States are parties, any tax issue between the Contracting States, including a dispute over whether this Convention applies, shall be settled only under this article unless the competent authorities agree otherwise.
Article 26
Exchange of information
1 -The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Convention or of the domestic laws of the Contracting States concerning taxes covered by the Convention insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the Convention. The exchange of information is not restricted by article 1. Any information received by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret in the same manner as information obtained under the domestic laws of that State and shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) involved in the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, or the determination of appeals in relation to, the taxes covered by the Convention. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions.
2 -In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 1 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:
1. a)To carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;
2. b)To supply information which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State;
3. c)To supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or information, the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy (ordre public).
  Article 27
  Members of diplomatic missions and consular posts
  Nothing in this Convention shall affect the fiscal privileges of members of diplomatic missions or consular posts under the general rules of international law or under the provisions of special agreements.
  Article 28
  Entry into force
1 -The Contracting States shall notify each other in writing, through diplomatic channels that the procedures required by its law for the entry into force of this Convention have been satisfied. The Convention shall enter into force on the date of receipt of the last notification.
2 -The Convention shall enter into force on the date of the latter of the notifications referred to in paragraph 1 and its provisions shall apply:
1. a)In respect of taxes withheld at source, the fact giving rise to them appearing on or after the first day of January in the year next following the year in which this Convention enters into force;
2. b)In respect of other taxes, as to income arising in the fiscal year beginning on or after the first day of January in the year next following the year in which this Convention enters into force.
  Article 29
  Termination
  This Convention shall remain in force until terminated by a Contracting State. Either Contracting State may terminate the Convention, through diplomatic channels, by giving notice of termination at least six months before the end of any calendar year beginning after the expiration of a period of five years from the date of its entry into force. In such event the Convention shall cease to have effect:
3. a)In respect of taxes withheld at the source, the fact giving rise to them appearing on or after the first day of January next following the date on which the period specified in the said notice of termination expires;
4. b)In respect of other taxes as to income arising in the fiscal year beginning on or after the first day of January next following the date on which the period specified in the said notice of termination expires.
  In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorized thereto, have signed this Convention.
  Done at Ciudad de México, on 11th November 1999, in duplicate in the Portuguese, Spanish and English languages, all texts being equally authentic. In case of any divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail.
  For the Portuguese Republic:
  (ver documento original)
  For the United Mexican States:
  (ver documento original)
  PROTOCOL
  Ad article 2
5. a)It is understood that in the case of Mexico, the provisions of article 2 shall not apply to taxes on income imposed by its political subdivisions or local authorities.
6. b)If Mexico introduces taxes on income imposed by its political subdivisions or local authorities, Mexico shall notify the competent authorities of Portugal in a timely manner and Portugal may request consultations with a view to restoring the balance of the benefits of the Convention, if necessary.
  Ad article 4
  It is understood that notwithstanding the provisions of this Convention, tax reductions or exemptions under articles 8, 11, 12 and 13 of this Convention shall not apply to any person that is a resident of a Contracting State that is entitled to income tax benefits on foreign source income under the law of that Contracting State. However, such person may be subject to tax in the other Contracting State at a rate that shall not exceed 30% of the gross amount of the royalties, interest or capital gains, provided that such person is the beneficial owner of such royalties, interests or capital gains, and is a company which is a resident of the first mentioned Contracting State, the capital of which is held, directly or indirectly, for more than 70% by shareholders residents of the first mentioned Contracting State and that no more than 20% of the company's gross income consists of passive income, including dividends, interests, royalties or capital gains.
  Ad article 7
  In respect of paragraph 3, it is understood that no such deductions shall be allowed in respect of such amounts, if any, paid (otherwise than towards reimbursement of actual expenses) by the permanent establishment to the head-office of the enterprise or any of its other offices by way of royalties, fees or other similar payments in return for the use of patents or other rights, by way of commission, for specific services performed or for management, or except in the case of a bank, by way of interest on moneys lent to the permanent establishment. Likewise, no account shall be taken, in the determination of the profits of a permanent establishment, for amounts charged (otherwise than towards reimbursement of actual expenses) by the permanent establishment to the head-office of the enterprise or any of its other offices, by way of royalties, fees or other similar payments in return for the use of patents or other rights, by way of commission, for specific services performed or for management, or except in the case of a bank, by way of interest on moneys lent to the head-office of the enterprise or any of its other offices.
  Ad article 8
  For the purposes of this article profits from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic include profits derived from the rental of ships or aircraft on a full (time or voyage) basis. They also include profits from the rental of ships or aircraft on a bareboat basis if such rental profits are accessory to profits described in paragraph 1.
  Ad article 10
  Although the substitute gift and inheritance tax (imposto sobre sucessões e doações por avença) imposed by Portugal is in fact a gift and inheritance tax and not an income tax, it is agreed that if the rate of such tax is increased above the rate applicable on the date of signature of this Convention, such increase shall not apply to dividends beneficially owned by residents of Mexico. It is understood that shares that have been subject to the substitute gift and inheritance tax are not subject to taxes imposed by Portugal upon transfer by death or gift.
  Ad article 10, paragraph 3
  The term «dividens» also includes profits attributed under an arrangement for participation in profits (associação em participação/associación en participación).
  Ad article 11, paragraph 6
  For the purposes of the provisions in the second part of paragraph 6 of article 11, if the loan is incurred by the head-office of the enterprise and the amount in question affects several permanent establishments or fixed bases situated in different countries, then the interest shall be deemed to arise in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated, but only so much of the interest payment as is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base.
  Ad articles 11 and 12
  The provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of article 11 and of paragraph 2 of article 12 shall not apply if the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid was agreed upon or the contract in respect of which the payment of royalties is made was entered into primarily with the objective to take advantage of these provisions and not for valid economic reasons. Where a Contracting State resolves to deny the benefit of said provisions to a resident of the other Contracting State, the competent authority of the first-mentioned State should reach an agreement with the competent authority of the other State.
  Ad article 12, paragraph 3
  For the purposes of this paragraph, the term «royalties» shall also include the reception or the right to receive, as well as the use or the right to the use in connection with television or broadcasting, visual images, sounds, or both, transmitted to the public either by satellite, cable, optic fibre or similar technology.
  Ad article 12, paragraph 5
  For the purposes of the provisions in the second part of paragraph 5 of article 12, where the obligation to pay the royalties is incurred by the head-office of the enterprise and the right or property in respect of which they are paid is effectively connected with several permanent establishments or fixed bases situated in different countries, then the royalties shall be deemed to arise in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated, but only so much of the royalty payment as is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base.
  Ad article 17
  It is understood that paragraph 3 of article 17 is meant to apply to cases where an artist or sportsperson resident of a Contracting State derives income from his personal activities indirectly, through another person, under other categories of income. This income shall fall under the scope of this article, since it is closely connected with his personal activities as such in the other Contracting State.
  Ad article 23, paragraph 2, subparagraph c)
  Notwithstanding this provision, if in the future Portugal changes its internal law and adopts a different method for the elimination of economical double taxation, this new method will be applied for the purposes of this Convention.
  Ad article 24
  It is understood that the provisions of paragraph 3 shall not be interpreted so as to prevent the application by a Contracting State of the thin capitalization provisions provided for in its domestic law, except in those cases in which the associated enterprises can prove that due to the special characteristics of their activities or their specific economic circumstances, the conditions made or imposed between these enterprises are in conformity with the arm's length principle.
  Ad article 26
  It is understood that the competent authorities may use the information exchanged under article 26 for the assessment of income taxes for value added tax purposes.
  In witness whereof, the undersigned duly authorised thereto have signed this Protocol.
  Done at Ciudad de México, on 11 th November 1999, in duplicate in the portuguese, spanish and english languages, all texts being equally authentic. In case of any divergence of interpretation, the english text shall prevail.
  For the Portuguese Republic:
  (ver documento original)
  For the United Mexican States:
  (ver documento original)

Artigo 29.º

Denúncia

a)Quanto aos impostos retidos na fonte, aos impostos cujo facto gerador surja em ou depois de 1 de Janeiro do ano civil imediatamente seguinte àquele em que o período especificado no referido aviso de denúncia expira;
b)Quanto aos demais impostos, ao rendimento auferido em ou depois de 1 de Janeiro do ano civil imediatamente seguinte à data em que o período especificado no referido aviso de denúncia expira.
Em testemunho do qual, os signatários, devidamente autorizados para o efeito, assinaram a presente Convenção.
Feito em duplicado, na Cidade do México, em 11 de Novembro de 1999, nas línguas portuguesa, espanhola e inglesa, sendo todos os textos igualmente válidos. Em caso de divergência de interpretação, o texto inglês prevalecerá.
Pela República Portuguesa:
(ver documento original)
Pelos Estados Unidos Mexicanos:
(ver documento original)
PROTOCOLO
Ad artigo 2.º
a)Entende-se que, no caso do México, o disposto no artigo 2.º não se aplica aos impostos sobre o rendimento exigidos pelas suas subdivisões políticas ou autoridades legais.
b)Se o México introduzir impostos sobre o rendimento exigidos pelas suas subdivisões políticas ou autoridades locais, o México notificará as autoridades competentes de Portugal atempadamente e Portugal poderá solicitar a sua discussão com o objectivo de restabelecer o equilíbrio dos benefícios da Convenção, se necessário.
Ad artigo 4.º
Entende-se que, não obstante o disposto nesta Convenção, as reduções ou as isenções fiscais previstas nos artigos 8.º, 11.º, 12.º e 13.º desta Convenção não se aplicarão a qualquer pessoa que seja residente de um Estado Contratante e que, ao abrigo da legislação desse Estado, tenha direito a benefícios fiscais no âmbito do imposto sobre o rendimento, relativamente a rendimento com fonte no estrangeiro. Contudo, essa pessoa poderá ficar sujeita a imposto no outro Estado Contratante a uma taxa que não exceda 30% do montante bruto das royalties, juros ou mais-valias, desde que seja o beneficiário efectivo dessas royalties, juros ou mais-valias, seja uma sociedade residente do primeiro Estado Contratante, cujo capital seja detido, directa ou indirectamente, em mais de 70% por accionistas residentes desse Estado e não mais de 20% do seu rendimento bruto consista em rendimentos passivos, incluindo dividendos, juros, royalties ou mais-valias.
Ad artigo 7.º
No que respeita ao n.º 3, entende-se que essas deduções não serão concedidas relativamente às importâncias, se as houver, pagas (excepto como reembolso de despesas efectivamente suportadas) pelo estabelecimento estável à sede da empresa ou a qualquer um dos seus outros escritórios, a título de royalties, honorários ou outros pagamentos similares, como retribuição pela utilização de patentes ou de outros direitos ou como comissão por serviços específicos prestados ou por gestão, ou, salvo no caso de um estabelecimento bancário, como juros por empréstimos concedidos ao estabelecimento estável. De igual modo, na determinação do lucro de um estabelecimento estável, não serão tidas em consideração as importâncias cobradas (salvo como reembolso de despesas efectivamente suportadas) pelo estabelecimento estável à sede da empresa ou a qualquer um dos seus outros escritórios, a título de royalties, honorários ou outros pagamentos similares, como retribuição pela utilização de patentes ou de outros direitos ou como comissão por serviços específicos prestados ou por gestão, ou, salvo no caso de um estabelecimento bancário, como juros por empréstimos concedidos à sede da empresa ou a qualquer um dos seus outros escritórios.
Ad artigo 8.º
Entende-se que, para efeitos deste artigo, os lucros derivados da exploração de navios ou aeronaves no tráfego internacional incluem os lucros derivados da locação de navios ou aeronaves numa base integral (tempo ou viagem). Incluem, igualmente, os lucros provenientes da locação de navios ou aeronaves numa base de casco nu, se tais lucros forem acessórios dos lucros mencionados no n.º 1.
Ad artigo 10.º
Embora o imposto sobre as sucessões e doações por avença exigido por Portugal seja de facto um imposto sobre as sucessões e doações e não um imposto sobre o rendimento, fica acordado que se houver um aumento da taxa em vigor à data da assinatura desta Convenção tal aumento não será aplicável aos dividendos cujos beneficiários efectivos sejam residentes do México. Entende-se que as acções que tenham sido sujeitas a imposto sobre as sucessões e doações por avença não ficam sujeitas a imposto em Portugal no momento da sua transmissão por morte ou doação.
Ad artigo 10.º, n.º 3
Entende-se que o termo «dividendos» também inclui os lucros atribuídos ao abrigo de um acordo de associação em participação.
Ad artigo 11.º, n.º 6
Para efeitos do disposto na segunda parte do n.º 6 do artigo 11.º se o empréstimo for contraído pela sede da sociedade e o montante em questão afectar vários estabelecimentos estáveis ou instalações fixas situados em países diferentes, considerar-se-á que os juros têm origem no Estado Contratante em que o estabelecimento estável ou a instalação fixa estiver situado, mas apenas na medida em que sejam suportados por esse estabelecimento estável ou instalação fixa.
Ad artigos 11.º e 12.º
As disposições dos n.os 2 e 3 do artigo 11.º e do n.º 2 do artigo 12.º não se aplicam se o empréstimo relativamente ao qual os juros são pagos ou o contrato que der origem ao pagamento das royalties tiver sido celebrado com o objectivo principal de beneficiar daquelas disposições e não por razões económicas válidas.
Se um Estado Contratante resolver negar o benefício da aplicação das disposições mencionadas a um residente do outro Estado Contratante, as autoridades competentes do Estado Contratante primeiramente mencionado deverão chegar a acordo com as autoridades competentes do outro Estado.
Ad artigo 12.º, n.º 3
Para efeitos deste número, o termo royalties também inclui a recepção ou o direito a receber, bem como o uso ou a concessão do uso em conexão com a televisão ou a rádio, imagens visuais, sons ou ambos, transmitidos ao público quer por satélite, cabo ou fibra óptica quer por tecnologia similar.
Ad artigo 12.º, n.º 5
Para efeitos do disposto na segunda parte do n.º 5 do artigo 12.º, quando a obrigação de pagar as royalties for contraída pela sede da empresa e o direito ou bem pelo qual forem pagas esteja efectivamente conexo com os vários estabelecimentos estáveis ou instalações fixas situados em países diferentes, então as royalties considerar-se-ão com origem no Estado Contratante em que o estabelecimento estável ou a instalação fixa se situe, mas apenas na medida em que o pagamento das royalties for suportado por esse estabelecimento estável ou instalação fixa.
Ad artigo 17.º
Entende-se que o n.º 3 do artigo 17.º visa aplicar-se aos casos em que um artista ou um desportista residente de um Estado Contratante obtém rendimentos derivados das suas actividades pessoais, indirectamente, através de outra pessoa, enquadráveis noutra categoria de rendimentos.
Esses rendimentos ficarão sujeitos ao regime deste artigo, uma vez que se encontram intimamente relacionados com as suas actividades pessoais, como tais, no outro Estado Contratante.
Ad artigo 23.º, n.º 2, alínea c)
Não obstante esta disposição, se, de futuro, Portugal alterar a sua legislação interna e adoptar um método diferente para a eliminação da dupla tributação económica, esse novo método será aplicado para efeitos desta Convenção.
Ad artigo 24.º
Entende-se que o disposto no n.º 3 não será interpretado no sentido de impedir a aplicação por um Estado Contratante das disposições relativas à subcapitalização constantes da sua legislação interna, excepto naqueles casos em que as sociedades associadas possam provar que, devido às características especiais das suas actividades ou às suas circunstâncias económicas específicas, as condições estabelecidas ou fixadas entre estas empresas estão em conformidade com o princípio da livre concorrência.
Ad artigo 26.º
Entende-se que as autoridades competentes podem utilizar a informação trocada ao abrigo do artigo 26.º para a liquidação dos impostos sobre o rendimento para efeitos do imposto sobre o valor acrescentado.
Em testemunho do qual os abaixo assinados, devidamente autorizados para o efeito, assinaram este Protocolo.
Feito em duplicado, na Cidade do México, em 11 de Novembro de 1999, nas línguas portuguesa, espanhola e inglesa, sendo todos os textos igualmente válidos. Em caso de divergência de interpretação, o texto inglês prevalecerá.
Pela República Portuguesa:
(ver documento original)
Pelos Estados Unidos Mexicanos:
(ver documento original)
(ver texto em língua espanhola no documento original)
CONVENTION BETWEEN THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC AND THE UNITED MEXICAN STATES FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME.
The Portuguese Republic and the United Mexican States, desiring to conclude a Convention for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income, which shall hereafter be referred to as the «Convention», have agreed as follows:
Article 1
Personal scope
This Convention shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.
Article 2
Taxes covered
1 -This Convention shall apply to taxes on income imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its political or administrative subdivisions or local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied, in accordance with this article.
2 -There shall be regarded as taxes on income all taxes imposed on total income or on elements of income, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property, taxes on the total amounts of wages or salaries paid by enterprises, as well as taxes on capital appreciation.
3 -The existing taxes to which the Convention shall apply are in particular:
1. a)In the case of Portugal:
  1. i)The personal income tax (imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas singulares - IRS);
  2. ii)The corporate income tax (imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas colectivas - IRC); and
  3. iii)The local surtax on corporate income tax (derrama);
    (hereinafter referred to as «Portuguese tax»);
2. b)In the case of Mexico:
  The income tax (impuesto sobre la renta);
  (hereinafter referred to as «Mexican tax»).
4 -The Convention shall apply also to any identical or substantially similar taxes which are imposed after the date of signature of the Convention in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any substantial changes which have been made in their respective taxation laws.
Article 3
General definitions
1 -For the purposes of this Convention, unless the context otherwise requires:
1. a)The term «Portugal» means the territory of the Portuguese Republic situated in the European Continent, the archipelagos of Azores and Madeira, the respective territorial sea and any other zone in which according to Portuguese and International Law, the Portuguese Republic has sovereign rights or jurisdiction for the purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the natural resources, whether living or non living, of the waters superjacent to the seabed and of the seabed and its subsoil;
2. b)The term «Mexico» means the United Mexican States; when used in a geographical sense it includes the territory of the United Mexican States; as well as the integrated parts of the Federation; the islands, including the reefs and cays in the adjacent waters; the islands of Guadalupe and Revillagigedo; the continental shelf and the seabed and subsoil of the islands, cays and reefs; the waters of the territorial seas and the inland waters and beyond them the areas over which, in accordance with the international law, Mexico may exercise its sovereign rights of exploration and exploitation of the natural resources of the seabed, subsoil and the superjacent waters; and the air space of the national territory to the extent and conditions established by international law;
3. c)The terms «a Contracting State» and «the other Contracting State» mean Portugal or Mexico, as the context requires;
4. d)The term «person» includes an individual, a company and any other body of persons;
5. e)The term «company» means any body corporate or any entity which is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;
6. f)The terms «enterprise of a Contracting State» and «enterprise of the other Contracting State» mean respectively an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the Contacting State;
7. g)The term «international traffic» means any transport by a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise which has its place of effective management in a Contracting State, except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State;
8. h)The term «competent authority» means:
  1. i)In the case of Portugal, the Minister of Finance, the director general of Taxation (director-geral dos Impostos) or their authorised representatives;
  2. ii)In the case of Mexico, the Minister of Finance and Public Credit;
9. i)The term «national» means:
  1. i)Any individual possessing the nationality of a Contracting State;
  2. ii)Any legal person, association or other entity deriving its status as such from the laws in force in a Contracting State.
2 -As regards the application of the Convention at any time by a Contracting State, any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning that it has at that time under the law of that State for the purposes of the taxes to which the Convention applies, any meaning under the applicable tax laws of that State prevailing over a meaning given to the term under other laws of that State.
Article 4
Resident
1 -For the purposes of this Convention, the term «resident of a Contracting State» means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management, place of incorporation or any other criterion of a similar nature, and also includes that State and any political or administrative subdivision or local authority thereof. This term, however, does not include any person who is liable to tax in that State in respect only of income from sources in that State.
2 -Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows:
1. a)He shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interest);
2. b)If the State in which he has his centre of vital interest cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which he has an habitual abode;
3. c)If he has an habitual abode in both States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State of which he is a national;
4. d)If he is a national of both States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.
3 -Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then it shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which its place of effective management is situated.
Article 5
Permanent establishment
1 -For the purposes of this Convention, the term «permanent establishment» means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.
2 -The term «permanent establishment» includes especially:
1. a)A place of management;
2. b)A branch;
3. c)An office;
4. d)A factory;
5. e)A workshop; and
6. f)A mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources.
3 -A building site, a construction, assembly or installation project or supervisory activities in connection therewith constitutes a permanent establishment only if it lasts more than 9 months.
4 -Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this article, the term «permanent establishment» shall be deemed not to include:
1. a)The use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise;
2. b)The maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery;
3. c)The maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise;
4. d)The maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information, for the enterprise;
5. e)The maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of advertising, supplying information, scientific research or for preparation in relation to the placement of loans, or for similar activities which have a preparatory or auxiliary character for the enterprise as long as the enterprise doesn't receive any income from the carrying on of these activities;
6. f)The maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in subparagraphs a) to e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.
5 -Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person - other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 7 applies - is acting on behalf of an enterprise and has, and habitually exercise, in a Contracting State an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in that State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise; unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph.
6 -Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions or this article, an insurance enterprise of a Contracting State shall, except in regard to reinsurance, be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State if it collects premiums in that other State or insures risks situated therein through a person other than an agent of independent status to whom paragraph 7 applies.
7 -An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business and that in their commercial or financial relations with the enterprise, conditions are not made or imposed that differ from those generally agreed to by independent agents.
8 -The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.
Article 6
Income from immovable property
1 -Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -The term «immovable property» shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property, livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable of fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources; ships and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property.
3 -The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable property.
4 -The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services.
5 -The foregoing provisions shall also applly to income from movable property or from services connected with the use or the right to use immovable property, which, under the taxation law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated, is assimilated to income from immovable property.
Article 7
Business profits
1 -The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other State but only so much of them as is attributable to:
1. a)That permanent establishment;
2. b)Sales in that other State of goods or merchandise of the same or similar kind as the goods or merchandise sold through that permanent establishment.
  However, the profits derived from the sales described in the subparagraph b) shall not be taxable in the other Contracting State if the enterprise demonstrates that such sales have no connection with the permanent establishment and have been carried out for reasons other than obtaining a benefit under this Convention.
2 -Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment.
3 -In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the permanent establishment, including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere.
4 -Insofar as it as been customary in a Contracting State to determine the profits to be attributed to a permanent establishment on the basis of an apportionment of the total profits of the enterprise to its various parts, nothing in paragraph 2 of this article shall preclude that Contracting State from determining the profits to be taxed by such an apportionment as may be customary; the method of apportionment adopted shall, however, be such that the result shall be in accordance with the principles contained in this article.
5 -No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.
6 -For the purpose of the preceding paragraphs, the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good an sufficient reason to the contrary.
7 -Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separatly in other articles of this Convention, then the provisions of those articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this article.
Article 8
Shipping and air transport
1 -Profits from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
2 -If the place of effective management of a shipping enterprise is aboard a ship, then it shall be deemed to be situated in the Contracting State in which the home harbour of the ship is situated, or, if there is no such home harbour, in the Contracting State of which the ship is a resident.
3 -The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a joint business or an international operating agency.
4 -Whenever companies from different countries have agreed to carry on an air transportation business together in the form of a consortium, the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall apply to such part of the profits of the consortium as corresponds to the participation held in that consortium by a company that is a resident of a Contracting State.
Article 9
Associated enterprises
1 -Where:
1. a)An enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State; or
2. b)The same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State;
and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.
2 -Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that State - and taxes accordingly - profits on which an enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other State and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first-mentioned State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises, than that other State shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of the tax charged therein on those profits where that other State considers the adjustment justified. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Convention and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall if necessary consult each other.
Article 10
Dividends
1 -Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -However, such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 10% of the gross amount of the dividends.
This paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.
3 -The term «dividends» as used in this article means income from shares, «jouissance» shares or «jouissance» rights, mining shares, founder's shares or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident.
4 -The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial, owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
5 -Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other State, nor subject the company's undistributed profits to a tax on the company's undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other State.
Article 11
Interest
1 -Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -However, such interest may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the interest is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 10% of the gross amount of the interest.
3 -Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, interest arising in a Contracting State shall be exempted from tax in that State:
1. a)If the debtor or the beneficiary of such interest is that State, a political or administrative subdivision, or a local authority thereof or the central bank; or
2. b)The interest is paid in respect of a loan granted for a period of three years or more, or guaranteed, by a financial or credit institution of a public character with the objective to promote exportation or development by means of granting credits or guarantees under preferential conditions.
4 -The term «interest» as used in this article means income from debt-claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor's profits, and in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures, as well as all other income that is treated as income from money lent by the taxation law of the Contracting State in which the income arises.
5 -The provisions of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
6 -Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
7 -Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt-claim for which it is paid, exceeds, for whatever reason, the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.
Article 12
Royalties
1 -Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -However, such royalties may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise, and according to the laws of that State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the royalties the tax so charged shall not exceed 10% of the gross amount of the royalties.
3 -The term «royalties» as used in this article means payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work (including cinematograph films, video recordings, and films or tapes for radio or television broadcasting), any patent, trade mark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or for the use of, or the right to use, industrial, commercial, or scientific equipment, or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience. The term «royalties» also includes gains derived from the use of such right or property in the case of an alienation of such right or property to the extent that such gains are contingent on the productivity, use or disposition thereof.
4 -The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
5 -Royalties shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State where the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the obligation to pay the royalties was incurred, and such royalties are borne by that permanent establishment or fixed base, then such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
6 -Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties paid, having regard to the use, right or information for which they are paid, exceeds, for whatever reason, the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.
Article 13
Capital gains
1 -Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise) or of such fixed base, may be taxed in that other State.
3 -Gains from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic, or movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
4 -In addition to gains taxable in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraphs of this article, gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of stock, participation, or other rights in the capital of a company or other legal person which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State if the recipient of the gain, held during the period of twelve months preceding such alienation, at any time, a participation directly or indirectly, of at least 25% in the capital of that company or other legal person.
5 -Gains from the alienation of shares or other rights of a company which assets consist principally, directly or indirectly, of immovable property situated in a Contracting State or any other right pertaining to such immovable property, may be taxed in that State. For the purposes of this paragraph immovable property used by a company in its industrial, commercial or agricultural activities or in the conduct of professional services shall not be taken into account.
6 -Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident.
Article 14
Independent personal services
1 -Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of professional services or other activities of an independent character shall be taxable only in that State except in the following circumstances, when such income may also be taxed in the other Contracting State:
1. a)Where the resident has a fixed base regularly available to him in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing his activities but only so much of the income as is attributable to that fixed base; or
2. b)Where the resident, being an individual, is present in the other Contracting State for a period or periods amounting to or exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any twelve-month period commencing or ending in the fiscal year concerned; in that case only so much of the income as is derived from his activities performed in that other State may be taxed in that other State.
2 -The term «professional services» includes especially independent scientific, literary, artistic, educational or teaching activities as well as the independent activities of physicians, lawyers, engineers, architects, dentists and accountants.
Article 15
Dependent personal services
1 -Subject to the provisions of articles 16, 18, 19, 20 and 21, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State.
2 -Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if:
1. a)The recipient is present in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any twelve-month period commencing or ending in the fiscal year concerned; and
2. b)The remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other State; and
3. c)The remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the employer has in the other State.
3 -Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this article, remuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated in international traffic, may be taxed in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.
Article 16
Directors' fees
Directors' fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors or, in the case of Portugal, in his capacity as a member of a «conselho fiscal» or as a «fiscal único» or, in the case of Mexico, in his capacity of «administrador» or «comisario», of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
Article 17
Artistes and sportspersons
1 -Notwithstanding the provisions of articles 14 and 15, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as a sportsperson, from his personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State. Income referred to in this paragraph shall include income derived from any personal activities performed in the other Contracting State by such resident relating to his reputation as an entertainer or sportsperson, where such activities have a direct link with his personal activities as an artist or a sportsperson.
2 -Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or a sportsperson in his capacity as such accrues not to the entertainer or sportsperson himself but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of articles 7, 14 and 15, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or sportsperson are exercised.
3 -Notwithstanding other provisions of the Convention, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the performance of independent personal services, the direct use, letting or use in any other form of goods, connected to the personal activities exercised by an entertainer or a sportsperson in his capacity as such shall be considered as income derived by the entertainer or sportsperson for the purposes of this article, unless the entertainer or sportsperson demonstrates that he nor person related thereto participates directly or indirectly in the income of that resident in any manner, including the receipt of deferred remuneration, bonnuses, fees, dividends or other distributions.
4 -Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from activities exercised in the other Contracting State if the visit to that other State is supported wholly or mainly by public funds of the first-mentioned State, a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof, or takes place under a cultural agreement or arrangement between the Governments of the Contracting States. In such a case, the income shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the entertainer or sportsperson is a resident.
Article 18
Pensions
1 -Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 19, pensions, annuities and other similar remuneration paid to a resident of a Contracting State in consideration of past employment shall be taxable only in that State.
2 -The term «annuity» means a stated sum payable periodically at stated times during life or during a specified or ascertainable period of time under a commitment with an obligation to make the payments in return for adequate and full consideration in money or money's worth.
Article 19
Government service
1 -a) Salaries, wages and other similar remuneration, other than a pension, paid by a Contracting State, a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State.
1. b)However, such salaries, wages and other similar remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that State and the individual is a resident of that State who:
  1. i)Is a national of that State; or
  2. ii)Did not become a resident of that State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.
2 -a) Any pension paid by, or out of funds created by, a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State.
1. b)However, such pension shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of, that State.
3 -The provisions of articles 15, 16, 17 and 18 shall apply to salaries, wages and other similar remuneration, and to pensions, in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof.
Article 20
Teachers and researchers
1 -An individual who is a resident of a Contracting State immediately before visiting the other Contracting State and who, at the invitation of the Government of the other Contracting State or of a university or other accredited educational institution or recognized scientific research institution of that other Contracting State, or under an official program of cultural exchange, visits that other State solely for the purpose of teaching or carrying out research at such a university or educational institution shall be exempt from tax in the other Contracting State on his remuneration from such activity for a period not exceeding two years from the date of his arrival in the other State.
2 -This article shall not apply to income from research if such research is undertaken not in the public interest but primarily for the private benefit of a specific person or persons.
Article 21
Students and trainees
Payments which a student or trainee who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first-mentioned State solely for the purpose of his education or training receives for the purpose of his maintenance, education or training shall not be taxed in that State, provided that such payments arise from sources outside that State.
Article 22
Other income
1 -Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing articles of this Convention shall be taxable only in that State.
2 -The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of article 6, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
3 -Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, items of income of a resident of a Contracting State not dealt with in the foregoing articles of this Convention and arising in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
Article 23
Elimination of double taxation
1 -In accordance with the provisions and subject to the limitations of the laws of Mexico, as may be amended from time to time without changing the general principle hereof, Mexico shall allow its residents as a credit against the Mexican tax:
1. a)The Portuguese tax paid on income arising in Portugal, in an amount not exceeding the tax payable in Mexico on such income; and
2. b)In the case of a company owning at least 10% of the capital of a company which is a resident of Portugal and from which the first-mentioned company receives dividends, the Portuguese tax paid by the distributing company with respect to the profits out of which the dividends are paid.
2 -In the case of Portugal, double taxation shall be avoided as follows:
1. a)Where a resident of Portugal derives income which, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, may be taxed in Mexico, Portugal shall allow as a deduction from the tax on the income of that resident an amount equal to the income tax paid in Mexico.
  Such deduction shall not, however, exceed that part of the income tax, as computed before the deduction is given, which is attributable to the income which may be taxed in Portugal;
2. b)Where in accordance with any provisions of the Convention income derived by a resident of Portugal is exempt from tax in this State, Portugal may nevertheless, in calculating the amount of tax on the remaining income of such resident, take into account the exempted income;
3. c)In the case of a Portuguese company that receives dividends from a Mexican company subject to tax and not exempt the capital of which it holds directly a participation of at least 25%, Portugal shall allow a deduction for 95% of such dividends included in the tax base, provided that such participation was held for the preceding two years, or from the date of the organization of the Portuguese company if that occurred later, but in either case only if the participation was held continuously throughout that period.
  Article 24
  Non-discrimination
1 -Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other State in the same circumstances, in particular with respect to residence, are or may be subjected. This provision shall, notwithstanding the provisions of article 1, also apply to persons who are not residents of one or both of the Contracting States.
2 -The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favourably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other State carrying on the same activities. This provision shall not be construed as obliging a Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal allowances, reliefs and reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family responsibilities which it grants to its own residents.
3 -Except where the provisions of paragraph 1 of article 9, paragraph 7 of article 11, or paragraph 6 of article 12, apply, interest, royalties and other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State.
4 -Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first-mentioned State are or may be subjected.
5 -The provisions of this article shall, notwithstanding the provisions of article 2, apply to taxes of every kind and description.
Article 25
Mutual agreement procedure
1 -Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident or, if his case comes under paragraph 1 of article 24, to that of the Contracting State of which he is a national. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Convention.
2 -The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the Convention.
3 -The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Convention.
4 -The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly, including through a joint commission consisting of themselves or their representatives, for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs.
5 -Notwithstanding any other treaty, agreement or convention to which the Contracting States are parties, any tax issue between the Contracting States, including a dispute over whether this Convention applies, shall be settled only under this article unless the competent authorities agree otherwise.
Article 26
Exchange of information
1 -The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Convention or of the domestic laws of the Contracting States concerning taxes covered by the Convention insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the Convention. The exchange of information is not restricted by article 1. Any information received by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret in the same manner as information obtained under the domestic laws of that State and shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) involved in the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, or the determination of appeals in relation to, the taxes covered by the Convention. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions.
2 -In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 1 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:
1. a)To carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;
2. b)To supply information which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State;
3. c)To supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or information, the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy (ordre public).
  Article 27
  Members of diplomatic missions and consular posts
  Nothing in this Convention shall affect the fiscal privileges of members of diplomatic missions or consular posts under the general rules of international law or under the provisions of special agreements.
  Article 28
  Entry into force
1 -The Contracting States shall notify each other in writing, through diplomatic channels that the procedures required by its law for the entry into force of this Convention have been satisfied. The Convention shall enter into force on the date of receipt of the last notification.
2 -The Convention shall enter into force on the date of the latter of the notifications referred to in paragraph 1 and its provisions shall apply:
1. a)In respect of taxes withheld at source, the fact giving rise to them appearing on or after the first day of January in the year next following the year in which this Convention enters into force;
2. b)In respect of other taxes, as to income arising in the fiscal year beginning on or after the first day of January in the year next following the year in which this Convention enters into force.
  Article 29
  Termination
  This Convention shall remain in force until terminated by a Contracting State. Either Contracting State may terminate the Convention, through diplomatic channels, by giving notice of termination at least six months before the end of any calendar year beginning after the expiration of a period of five years from the date of its entry into force. In such event the Convention shall cease to have effect:
3. a)In respect of taxes withheld at the source, the fact giving rise to them appearing on or after the first day of January next following the date on which the period specified in the said notice of termination expires;
4. b)In respect of other taxes as to income arising in the fiscal year beginning on or after the first day of January next following the date on which the period specified in the said notice of termination expires.
  In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorized thereto, have signed this Convention.
  Done at Ciudad de México, on 11th November 1999, in duplicate in the Portuguese, Spanish and English languages, all texts being equally authentic. In case of any divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail.
  For the Portuguese Republic:
  (ver documento original)
  For the United Mexican States:
  (ver documento original)
  PROTOCOL
  Ad article 2
5. a)It is understood that in the case of Mexico, the provisions of article 2 shall not apply to taxes on income imposed by its political subdivisions or local authorities.
6. b)If Mexico introduces taxes on income imposed by its political subdivisions or local authorities, Mexico shall notify the competent authorities of Portugal in a timely manner and Portugal may request consultations with a view to restoring the balance of the benefits of the Convention, if necessary.
  Ad article 4
  It is understood that notwithstanding the provisions of this Convention, tax reductions or exemptions under articles 8, 11, 12 and 13 of this Convention shall not apply to any person that is a resident of a Contracting State that is entitled to income tax benefits on foreign source income under the law of that Contracting State. However, such person may be subject to tax in the other Contracting State at a rate that shall not exceed 30% of the gross amount of the royalties, interest or capital gains, provided that such person is the beneficial owner of such royalties, interests or capital gains, and is a company which is a resident of the first mentioned Contracting State, the capital of which is held, directly or indirectly, for more than 70% by shareholders residents of the first mentioned Contracting State and that no more than 20% of the company's gross income consists of passive income, including dividends, interests, royalties or capital gains.
  Ad article 7
  In respect of paragraph 3, it is understood that no such deductions shall be allowed in respect of such amounts, if any, paid (otherwise than towards reimbursement of actual expenses) by the permanent establishment to the head-office of the enterprise or any of its other offices by way of royalties, fees or other similar payments in return for the use of patents or other rights, by way of commission, for specific services performed or for management, or except in the case of a bank, by way of interest on moneys lent to the permanent establishment. Likewise, no account shall be taken, in the determination of the profits of a permanent establishment, for amounts charged (otherwise than towards reimbursement of actual expenses) by the permanent establishment to the head-office of the enterprise or any of its other offices, by way of royalties, fees or other similar payments in return for the use of patents or other rights, by way of commission, for specific services performed or for management, or except in the case of a bank, by way of interest on moneys lent to the head-office of the enterprise or any of its other offices.
  Ad article 8
  For the purposes of this article profits from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic include profits derived from the rental of ships or aircraft on a full (time or voyage) basis. They also include profits from the rental of ships or aircraft on a bareboat basis if such rental profits are accessory to profits described in paragraph 1.
  Ad article 10
  Although the substitute gift and inheritance tax (imposto sobre sucessões e doações por avença) imposed by Portugal is in fact a gift and inheritance tax and not an income tax, it is agreed that if the rate of such tax is increased above the rate applicable on the date of signature of this Convention, such increase shall not apply to dividends beneficially owned by residents of Mexico. It is understood that shares that have been subject to the substitute gift and inheritance tax are not subject to taxes imposed by Portugal upon transfer by death or gift.
  Ad article 10, paragraph 3
  The term «dividens» also includes profits attributed under an arrangement for participation in profits (associação em participação/associación en participación).
  Ad article 11, paragraph 6
  For the purposes of the provisions in the second part of paragraph 6 of article 11, if the loan is incurred by the head-office of the enterprise and the amount in question affects several permanent establishments or fixed bases situated in different countries, then the interest shall be deemed to arise in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated, but only so much of the interest payment as is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base.
  Ad articles 11 and 12
  The provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of article 11 and of paragraph 2 of article 12 shall not apply if the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid was agreed upon or the contract in respect of which the payment of royalties is made was entered into primarily with the objective to take advantage of these provisions and not for valid economic reasons. Where a Contracting State resolves to deny the benefit of said provisions to a resident of the other Contracting State, the competent authority of the first-mentioned State should reach an agreement with the competent authority of the other State.
  Ad article 12, paragraph 3
  For the purposes of this paragraph, the term «royalties» shall also include the reception or the right to receive, as well as the use or the right to the use in connection with television or broadcasting, visual images, sounds, or both, transmitted to the public either by satellite, cable, optic fibre or similar technology.
  Ad article 12, paragraph 5
  For the purposes of the provisions in the second part of paragraph 5 of article 12, where the obligation to pay the royalties is incurred by the head-office of the enterprise and the right or property in respect of which they are paid is effectively connected with several permanent establishments or fixed bases situated in different countries, then the royalties shall be deemed to arise in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated, but only so much of the royalty payment as is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base.
  Ad article 17
  It is understood that paragraph 3 of article 17 is meant to apply to cases where an artist or sportsperson resident of a Contracting State derives income from his personal activities indirectly, through another person, under other categories of income. This income shall fall under the scope of this article, since it is closely connected with his personal activities as such in the other Contracting State.
  Ad article 23, paragraph 2, subparagraph c)
  Notwithstanding this provision, if in the future Portugal changes its internal law and adopts a different method for the elimination of economical double taxation, this new method will be applied for the purposes of this Convention.
  Ad article 24
  It is understood that the provisions of paragraph 3 shall not be interpreted so as to prevent the application by a Contracting State of the thin capitalization provisions provided for in its domestic law, except in those cases in which the associated enterprises can prove that due to the special characteristics of their activities or their specific economic circumstances, the conditions made or imposed between these enterprises are in conformity with the arm's length principle.
  Ad article 26
  It is understood that the competent authorities may use the information exchanged under article 26 for the assessment of income taxes for value added tax purposes.
  In witness whereof, the undersigned duly authorised thereto have signed this Protocol.
  Done at Ciudad de México, on 11 th November 1999, in duplicate in the portuguese, spanish and english languages, all texts being equally authentic. In case of any divergence of interpretation, the english text shall prevail.
  For the Portuguese Republic:
  (ver documento original)
  For the United Mexican States:
  (ver documento original)